Conhecimento de enfermeiros sobre cuidados paliativos: uma abordagem qualitativa
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Data
2021-12-14
Autores
Silva, Mariana Dallanezi Nunes da
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Introdução: O principal objetivo do Cuidado Paliativo é a melhora da qualidade de vida de pacientes e familiares, realizado através da prevenção e alívio de sofrimento físico, psíquico, social e espiritual. Levando em conta as demandas apresentadas por pacientes e familiares diante de um quadro de saúde sem prognósticos, torna-se necessária uma abordagem complexa e focada no alívio e prevenção do sofrimento em suas diversas dimensões. Objetivo: compreender as experiências de enfermeiros, que atuam na assistência em cuidados paliativos. Método Trata-se de pesquisa qualitativa, realizada no Hospital Estadual de Botucatu (HEBo). Foram convidados a participar deste estudo enfermeiros que trabalhavam na assistência, que concordaram em participar voluntariamente do estudo e assinaram o Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido. As entrevistas foram audiogravadas, em local apropriado, dentro da unidade de trabalho, de acordo com a conveniência do profissional, posteriormente transcritas na íntegra e descartadas após o processo de transcrição. Os resultados foram analisados sob a perspectiva da Análise de Conteúdo de Bardin. Resultados: As participantes eram todas do sexo feminino e compartilhavam do mesmo local de trabalho atual. As que relataram experiências prévias com o cuidado paliativo foram, em sua totalidade em UTIs (Unidade de Tratamento Intensivo), e no campo atual de atuação a experiência é de no máximo um ano. Os resultados revelaram que as profissionais tinham compreensão fidedigna do que é cuidado paliativo e o colocavam em prática com muita empatia e compaixão. Entretanto, destacaram também intenso despreparo sentido, principalmente no que diz respeito ao emocional, o que explicita uma lacuna durante a formação profissional no âmbito de doenças sem prognósticos e da terminalidade em si. Considerações finais: As narrativas trouxeram, de modo geral, a compreensão sobre os cuidados paliativos e as vivências com pacientes e famílias sob esse cuidado. Essas vivências incluem a comparação da atuação dos cuidados paliativos em outro setor, o despertar de reflexões na vida pessoal desses profissionais, questionamentos acerca do limite para intervenções curativas e início de medidas paliativas de cuidado. A proximidade com os familiares também foram questões muito abordadas sob um olhar desafiador diante do luto e de todo sofrimento, porém gratificante. As sensações de impotência e despreparo relatadas, ampliam a perspectiva de como é o trabalho do enfermeiro assistencial e contribui para uma reflexão acerca da revisão da formação profissional na área da saúde.
Introduction: The main objective of Palliative Care is the improvement of the quality of life of patients and families, accomplished through the prevention and relief of physical, psychological, social and spiritual suffering. Taking into account the demands presented by patients and family members facing a health condition without prognosis, it becomes necessary a complex approach focused on the relief and prevention of suffering in its various dimensions. Objective: to understand the experiences of nurses, who work in palliative care assistance. Method: This is a qualitative research, carried out at the Hospital Estadual de Botucatu (HEBo). Nurses working in assistance were invited to participate in this study, who agreed to voluntarily participate in the study and signed the Informed Consent Form. The interviews were audiorecorded, in an appropriate place, inside the work unit, according to the professional's convenience, later transcribed in full and discarded after the transcription process. The results were analyzed from the perspective of Bardin's Content Analysis. Results: The participants were all female and shared the same current workplace. Those who reported previous experiences with palliative care were, in their totality, in ICUs (Intensive Care Unit), and in the current field of work the experience is of at most one year. The results revealed that the professionals had a reliable understanding of what palliative care is and put it into practice with a lot of empathy and compassion. However, they also emphasized the intense unpreparedness they felt, especially with regard to the emotional aspect, which explains a gap during professional training in the field of diseases without prognosis and terminality itself. Final considerations: The narratives brought, in general, the understanding about palliative care and the experiences with patients and families under this care. These experiences include the comparison of the performance of palliative care in another sector, the awakening of reflections in the personal life of these professionals, questions about the limit for curative interventions and the beginning of palliative care measures. The closeness to the family members were also issues that were very much addressed under a challenging, yet gratifying, look at mourning and all the suffering. The feelings of helplessness and unpreparedness reported, broaden the perspective of how is the work of the assistance nurse and contributes to a reflection about the review of professional training in the health area.
Introduction: The main objective of Palliative Care is the improvement of the quality of life of patients and families, accomplished through the prevention and relief of physical, psychological, social and spiritual suffering. Taking into account the demands presented by patients and family members facing a health condition without prognosis, it becomes necessary a complex approach focused on the relief and prevention of suffering in its various dimensions. Objective: to understand the experiences of nurses, who work in palliative care assistance. Method: This is a qualitative research, carried out at the Hospital Estadual de Botucatu (HEBo). Nurses working in assistance were invited to participate in this study, who agreed to voluntarily participate in the study and signed the Informed Consent Form. The interviews were audiorecorded, in an appropriate place, inside the work unit, according to the professional's convenience, later transcribed in full and discarded after the transcription process. The results were analyzed from the perspective of Bardin's Content Analysis. Results: The participants were all female and shared the same current workplace. Those who reported previous experiences with palliative care were, in their totality, in ICUs (Intensive Care Unit), and in the current field of work the experience is of at most one year. The results revealed that the professionals had a reliable understanding of what palliative care is and put it into practice with a lot of empathy and compassion. However, they also emphasized the intense unpreparedness they felt, especially with regard to the emotional aspect, which explains a gap during professional training in the field of diseases without prognosis and terminality itself. Final considerations: The narratives brought, in general, the understanding about palliative care and the experiences with patients and families under this care. These experiences include the comparison of the performance of palliative care in another sector, the awakening of reflections in the personal life of these professionals, questions about the limit for curative interventions and the beginning of palliative care measures. The closeness to the family members were also issues that were very much addressed under a challenging, yet gratifying, look at mourning and all the suffering. The feelings of helplessness and unpreparedness reported, broaden the perspective of how is the work of the assistance nurse and contributes to a reflection about the review of professional training in the health area.
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Palavras-chave
Cuidados paliativos, Conhecimento, Profissionais de enfermagem, Palliative care, Knowledge, Nursing professionals