Lentes partidas: a metáfora do olhar em narrativas de João Guimarães Rosa e Clarice Lispector
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Data
2021-12-14
Autores
Saves, Fernando Guimarães
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Esta dissertação apresenta um estudo analítico-interpretativo do olhar como metáfora a partir da visão infantil dos personagens principais das narrativas “Campo Geral”, de João Guimarães Rosa, e “Miopia Progressiva”, de Clarice Lispector. Em ambos os casos, o protagonista é um menino míope que interpreta o mundo a partir dos olhares lançados para o ambiente e para as pessoas que o cercam. Esses “olhares” relacionam-se a outros significados e campos de abordagem, transpassados por diferenças conceituais entre a percepção captada pelo órgão olho – seja ela uma visão real ou distorcida pelo distúrbio visual – e a percepção subjetiva de cada sujeito, marcada pela ligação singular que ele estabelece com a realidade e o outro à sua volta. Em todo caso, tanto na narrativa de Rosa quanto no conto de Lispector, a miopia é apenas mais um dos muitos aspectos analisados e analisáveis que convergem para a mesma tensão dialética, tendo a “curta visão” como forma metafórica de uma linguagem polissêmica que expressa as dissensões do homem no mundo. Ainda que caracterizadas pelo estilo e pela linguagem única de cada autor, é possível traçar algumas similaridades entre as duas obras, como o interesse na abordagem do universo infantil, o tema da maternidade e, sobretudo, a relação complexa entre o universo externo e o universo interno estabelecida pelos protagonistas, espaço este no qual nem tudo parece ser aquilo que se apresenta aos olhos. À luz da psicanálise, sobretudo a lacaniana e o seu conceito de “deslizamento do significante”, a questão do olhar ganha contornos que remetem, por sua vez, a outros significantes.
This dissertation introduces an analytical-interpretative study of the gaze as a metaphor from a child’s perception of the main characters in the texts “Campo Geral” by João Guimarães Rosa and "Miopia Progressiva" by Clarice Lispector. In both cases, the main character of each text is a myopic boy who understands the world from their own perspectives from people and environment around them. These gazes are related to other meanings and fields of approach, crossed by conceptual differences between the perception captured by the eye - being it a real or distorted vision caused by their visual disturbance - and the subjective perception of each subject, marked by the unique bond they establish with reality and the others around them. In any case, both in Rosa’s narrative and in Lispector’s short story, myopia is just one more of the many analyzed and analyzable aspects that converge to the same dialectical tension, with "short sight" as a metaphorical form of a polysemic language that expresses man's dissensions in the world. Although characterized by the style and unique language of each author, it is possible to draw some similarities between the two pieces, such as the interest in approaching the children's universe, the theme of motherhood, and, above all, the complex relationship between the external universe and the internal universe established by the protagonists, a space in which not everything seems to be what it is visually apparent. In the light of psychoanalysis, especially Lacanian psychoanalysis, and its concept of "sliding of the signifier", the question of the gaze gains contours that refer, on the other hand, to other signifiers.
This dissertation introduces an analytical-interpretative study of the gaze as a metaphor from a child’s perception of the main characters in the texts “Campo Geral” by João Guimarães Rosa and "Miopia Progressiva" by Clarice Lispector. In both cases, the main character of each text is a myopic boy who understands the world from their own perspectives from people and environment around them. These gazes are related to other meanings and fields of approach, crossed by conceptual differences between the perception captured by the eye - being it a real or distorted vision caused by their visual disturbance - and the subjective perception of each subject, marked by the unique bond they establish with reality and the others around them. In any case, both in Rosa’s narrative and in Lispector’s short story, myopia is just one more of the many analyzed and analyzable aspects that converge to the same dialectical tension, with "short sight" as a metaphorical form of a polysemic language that expresses man's dissensions in the world. Although characterized by the style and unique language of each author, it is possible to draw some similarities between the two pieces, such as the interest in approaching the children's universe, the theme of motherhood, and, above all, the complex relationship between the external universe and the internal universe established by the protagonists, a space in which not everything seems to be what it is visually apparent. In the light of psychoanalysis, especially Lacanian psychoanalysis, and its concept of "sliding of the signifier", the question of the gaze gains contours that refer, on the other hand, to other signifiers.
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Palavras-chave
Campo Geral, Clarice Lispector, Guimarães Rosa, Literatura e Psicanálise, Metáfora do olhar, Miopia Progressiva, Literature and Psychoanalysis, Metaphor of the gaze