Elaboração de um índice para avaliação de desempenho ambiental da indústria sucroenergética
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Data
2022-01-12
Autores
Souza, Erik Geraldo da Silva
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A poluição gerada pelas indústrias sucroenergéticas de produção de Etanol, Açúcar e Bioenergia (EAB) a partir da cana-de-açúcar, provocam pensamentos e reflexões referentes às ações antrópicas ao meio ambiente, fazendo com que essa temática seja um problema ambiental. A partir disso, torna-se necessário mensurar o desempenho ambiental dessas instituições, tendo a Avaliação de Desempenho Ambiental (ADA) como ferramenta para tal finalidade. Para tanto, essa pesquisa de natureza aplicada, caráter exploratório e finalidade metodológica, descreve o processo industrial de EAB, define os resíduos e efluentes gerados com destinação ao solo e apresenta um índice de ADA. De tal modo, foram realizados cálculos para determinar os potenciais de impactos ambientais para cada substância em cada categoria, esses potenciais foram normalizados e ponderados, bem como foi determinado a dispersão geográfica, através da estrutura metodológica do ReCiPe 2016. Além do mais, foi definido o fator de fragilidade ambiental da bacia hidrográfica por meio da geotecnologia onde são dispostos os resíduos e efluentes. Após a estruturação, desenvolvimento da fórmula e cálculo do índice, o mesmo foi testado em dados de uma empresa. Os resultados obtidos são referentes a cinco resíduos e efluentes – vinhaça 3,28E-04 kg.yr/km².p; torta de filtro 3,66E-04 kg.yr/km².p; cinzas 4,61E-00 kg.yr/km².p; águas residuais 6,30E-03 kg.yr/km².p; lodo de esgoto 1,12E-02 kg.yr/km².p. Em conclusão, a utilização da metodologia proposta permite a avaliação do impacto ambiental quanto utilização desses resíduos e efluentes para a fertilização e fertirrigação no solo agrícola de cultivo da cana-de-açúcar, a relação com a fragilidade da bacia hidrográfica e o acompanhamento do desempenho ambiental da unidade industrial. Sendo uma metodologia para ADA do setor de produção de EAB, sua utilização tem capacidade de fazer com que as empresas deste setor consigam enxergar sua gestão ambiental, aumentar seus esforços quanto a preservação do meio ambiente e aperfeiçoar sua imagem perante a seus clientes e sociedade.
The pollution generated by the sugar-energy industries that produce Ethanol, Sugar and Bioenergy (EAB) from sugarcane, provoke thoughts and reflections regarding anthropic actions to the environment, making this issue an environmental problem. From this, it becomes necessary to measure the environmental performance of these institutions, having the Environmental Performance Assessment (ADA) as a tool for this purpose. Therefore, this research of applied nature, exploratory character, and methodological purpose, describes the EAB industrial process, defines the residues and effluents generated with destination to the soil and presents an ADA index. In this way, calculations were carried out to determine the potential environmental impacts for each substance in each category, these potentials were normalized and weighted, as well as the geographic dispersion was determined, through the methodological structure of ReCiPe 2016. In addition, it was defined the environmental fragility factor of the hydrographic basin through geotechnology where waste and effluents are disposed. After structuring, developing the formula and calculating the index, it was tested on data from a company. The results obtained refer to five residues and effluents – vinasse 3.28E-04 kg.yr/km².p; filter cake 3.66E-04 kg.yr/km².p; ash 4.61E-00 kg.yr/km².p; wastewater 6.30E-03 kg.yr/km².p; sewage sludge 1.12E-02 kg.yr/km².p. In conclusion, the use of the proposed methodology allows the evaluation of the environmental impact regarding the use of these residues and effluents for fertilization and fertigation in the agricultural soil of sugarcane cultivation, the relationship with the fragility of the watershed and the monitoring of the performance environment of the industrial unit. As a methodology for ADA in the EAB production sector, its use has the capacity to make companies in this sector able to see their environmental management, increase their efforts regarding the preservation of the environment and improve their image before their customers and society.
The pollution generated by the sugar-energy industries that produce Ethanol, Sugar and Bioenergy (EAB) from sugarcane, provoke thoughts and reflections regarding anthropic actions to the environment, making this issue an environmental problem. From this, it becomes necessary to measure the environmental performance of these institutions, having the Environmental Performance Assessment (ADA) as a tool for this purpose. Therefore, this research of applied nature, exploratory character, and methodological purpose, describes the EAB industrial process, defines the residues and effluents generated with destination to the soil and presents an ADA index. In this way, calculations were carried out to determine the potential environmental impacts for each substance in each category, these potentials were normalized and weighted, as well as the geographic dispersion was determined, through the methodological structure of ReCiPe 2016. In addition, it was defined the environmental fragility factor of the hydrographic basin through geotechnology where waste and effluents are disposed. After structuring, developing the formula and calculating the index, it was tested on data from a company. The results obtained refer to five residues and effluents – vinasse 3.28E-04 kg.yr/km².p; filter cake 3.66E-04 kg.yr/km².p; ash 4.61E-00 kg.yr/km².p; wastewater 6.30E-03 kg.yr/km².p; sewage sludge 1.12E-02 kg.yr/km².p. In conclusion, the use of the proposed methodology allows the evaluation of the environmental impact regarding the use of these residues and effluents for fertilization and fertigation in the agricultural soil of sugarcane cultivation, the relationship with the fragility of the watershed and the monitoring of the performance environment of the industrial unit. As a methodology for ADA in the EAB production sector, its use has the capacity to make companies in this sector able to see their environmental management, increase their efforts regarding the preservation of the environment and improve their image before their customers and society.
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Resíduos, Organizações, Desempenho