Comportamento de forrageamento e biologia reprodutiva do tico-tico-de-bico-amarelo Arremon flavirostris (Aves, Passerellidae)
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Data
2022-01-07
Autores
Furukawa, Leticia Akemi Leite
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O gênero Arremon é composto por 21 espécies, sendo cinco delas encontradas em território brasileiro. O tico-tico-de-bico-amarelo (Arremon flavirostris) é endêmico do Brasil e alimenta-se de sementes, artrópodes e eventualmente frutos. No entanto, todo conhecimento prévio sobre seus hábitos alimentares está restrito à descrição de conteúdos estomacais de poucos indivíduos. Não há trabalhos descrevendo em detalhes o comportamento de forrageamento de nenhuma espécie do gênero Arremon e, no caso de A. flavirostris, o conhecimento sobre a biologia reprodutiva está restrito a informações esparsas na literatura. Tendo em vista este panorama, o objetivo do presente estudo foi descrever o comportamento de forrageamento e os hábitos reprodutivos da espécie, a partir de observações focais (50h59min) na Floresta Estadual Edmundo Navarro de Andrade (FEENA, Rio Claro, SP), no período de 9 de setembro a 18 de dezembro de 2019, e realizar uma compilação das informações existentes tanto na bibliografia quanto em plataformas online de ciência cidadã. A principal manobra utilizada para coleta de alimento foi respigar (77,55%) em folhas secas (72,92%), inteiras (54,55%) e abertas (72,22%). Os itens alimentares coletados estavam sempre na face adaxial do substrato, sendo identificados oito sementes e um inseto. No momento da coleta do alimento, a ave estava pousada na maioria das vezes no solo (83,76%), principalmente sobre a serrapilheira (81,64%). Os eventos de captura de alimento foram realizados com frequência de 9,01 capturas/min e o intervalo médio entre as capturas foi de 4,62 s. A construção do ninho foi realizada por ambos os adultos. Tanto em campo quanto na literatura, foram registrados filhotes sendo acompanhados por dois adultos, indicando possível cuidado biparental. Os dados existentes nas plataformas de ciência cidadã somados aos dados coletados na FEENA permitem constatar que o período reprodutivo da espécie se estende pelo menos de outubro a dezembro, similar ao relatado para A. semitorquatus, outra espécie brasileira que ocorre no sul e sudeste do país.
The Arremon genus contains 21 species, five of them found on Brazilian territory. The Saffron-billed Sparrow (Arremon flavirostris) is endemic to Brazil and feeds on seeds, arthropods, and eventually fruits. However, all the previous knowledge about their feeding habits is restricted to the description of stomach contents. Furthermore, there are no studies describing in detail the foraging behavior of any species of the Arremon genus. In the case of A. flavirostris, all the knowledge about their reproductive biology is restricted to sparse information in the literature. With this in mind, the objective of this study was to describe the foraging behavior and the reproductive behavior of the species, through focal observations (50h59min) on Floresta Estadual Edmundo Navarro de Andrade (FEENA, Rio Claro, SP), from September 9 to December 18, 2019, and to do a compilation of existing information in the literature and on online citizen science platforms. The Saffron-billed Sparrow mainly used the maneuver glean to collect food (77.55%) on dry leaves (72.92%) that were whole (54.55%) and open (72.22%). The collected food items were always on the adaxial face of the substrate, where eight seeds and one insect were identified. Most of the time, the birds were on the ground (83.76%), mainly on litter (81.64%), when they gathered food. It captures prey at a rate of 9.01 captures/min and an average interval of 4.62 s. Both adults built the nest. Fledglings were recorded accompanied by both parents, both in the field and in literature, indicating possible biparental care. The existing data on online citizen science platforms plus the data collected on FEENA allow us to infer that the reproductive period of A. flavirostris extends at least from October to December, similar to A. semitorquatus, another species that occurs in the south and southeast of Brazil.
The Arremon genus contains 21 species, five of them found on Brazilian territory. The Saffron-billed Sparrow (Arremon flavirostris) is endemic to Brazil and feeds on seeds, arthropods, and eventually fruits. However, all the previous knowledge about their feeding habits is restricted to the description of stomach contents. Furthermore, there are no studies describing in detail the foraging behavior of any species of the Arremon genus. In the case of A. flavirostris, all the knowledge about their reproductive biology is restricted to sparse information in the literature. With this in mind, the objective of this study was to describe the foraging behavior and the reproductive behavior of the species, through focal observations (50h59min) on Floresta Estadual Edmundo Navarro de Andrade (FEENA, Rio Claro, SP), from September 9 to December 18, 2019, and to do a compilation of existing information in the literature and on online citizen science platforms. The Saffron-billed Sparrow mainly used the maneuver glean to collect food (77.55%) on dry leaves (72.92%) that were whole (54.55%) and open (72.22%). The collected food items were always on the adaxial face of the substrate, where eight seeds and one insect were identified. Most of the time, the birds were on the ground (83.76%), mainly on litter (81.64%), when they gathered food. It captures prey at a rate of 9.01 captures/min and an average interval of 4.62 s. Both adults built the nest. Fledglings were recorded accompanied by both parents, both in the field and in literature, indicating possible biparental care. The existing data on online citizen science platforms plus the data collected on FEENA allow us to infer that the reproductive period of A. flavirostris extends at least from October to December, similar to A. semitorquatus, another species that occurs in the south and southeast of Brazil.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Aves, Dieta, Animais Comportamento, Reprodução, Aves Comportamento, Diet, Nidification, Breeding period