Alterações nos atributos do solo fertirrigado com água tratada de graxaria
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Data
2021-12-17
Autores
Tarocco, Naiara Cristina
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
As indústrias da produção animal geram uma grande quantidade de resíduos líquidos compostos principalmente por águas e nutrientes, instituindo uma água residuária. Esses resíduos podem ser um importante aliado para agricultura irrigada, mitigando impactos na poluição hídrica da indústria, originada pelo lançamento desses efluentes nos corpos d’água. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar as alterações nos atributos do solo após aplicação com água residuária tratada de graxaria para irrigação em área rural. Utilizou-se um sistema de irrigação localizada (microaspersão convencional), com quatro linhas paralelas e lâmina uniforme de irrigação na cultura da Uroclhoa brizantha cv. Marandu, durante um período de sete meses, com três tratamentos, sendo: tratamento 1 – aplicação com água de poço, tratamento 2 – aplicação com águas residuais, tratamento 3 – aplicação com águas residuais para réplica. Esses manejos foram feitos em três glebas subdivididas em dimensões iguais. Para averiguar os efeitos sobre as caracteristicas físico-químicas do solo (macronutrientes e substâncias químicas). Foram efetuadas duas amostragens do solo, sendo a primeira antes da fertirrigação e a outra ao fim do experimento. Não foi observado aumento nas substâncias químicas do solo, porém obteve-se ampliação nos níveis de Na e NaCl na solução dos solos, especialmente nas camadas superficias (0-0,2 m), ainda que foi lixiviado para perfis mais profundos (0,4-0,6 m), indicando um moderado potencial de salinização. Houve acréscimos de nutrientes como MO, K e P, e aumento na concentração de V%, SB, CTC, pH, indicando que a utilização de águas residuias de graxarias é viável para irrigação em área rural, podem ser utilizados como inidicadores da qualidade do solo, e tornam o descarte sustentável e ricos em nutrientes. Contudo as concentrações de P e K, decresceu nos perfis de (0,2-0,4 m) e (0,4-0,6 m), devido a absorção da cultura para seu desenvolvimento. Assim, a fertirrigação com efluentes da agroindústria deve ser efetuada com acompanhamento constante, para que os procedimentos agronômicos sejam adotados antes de algum comprometimento da estrutura do solo, sem acarretar excesso de sais e nutrientes no mesmo, assegurando a preservação do solo e águas subterrâneas.
Animal production industries generate a large amount of liquid waste composed of water and nutrients, establishing a wastewater. These residues can be an important ally for irrigated agriculture, mitigating impacts on water pollution in the industry, caused by the release of these effluents into water bodies. The objective of this research was to evaluate the feasibility of reusing treated effluent from the rendering plant for irrigation in rural areas. A conventional microsprinkler system was used, with four parallel lines and uniform irrigation depths in the soil and in the crop of Uroclhoa brizantha cv. Marandu, over a period of seven months, with three treatments: treatment 1 – application with well water, treatment 2 – application with wastewater, treatment 3 – application with wastewater for replication. These managements were divided into three plots subdivided into equal dimensions, to investigate the effects of conduction on the physical-chemical characteristics of the soil (fertility pattern and chemical substances), two samplings were carried out, the first before fertigation and the other in the end of the experiment. There was no increase in soil chemical substances, but there was an increase in the levels of Na and NaCl in the soil solution, especially in the surface layers, although it was leached to deeper profiles, indicating a moderate potential for salinization. There were additions of nutrients such as MO, K and P, and increases in the concentration of V%, SB, CTC, pH, indicating that the use of wastewater from rendering plants is viable for irrigation in rural areas, can be used as indicators of soil quality, and making it a sustainable and nutrient-rich disposal. However, the concentrations of P and K, decreased due to the absorption of the culture for its development. Thus, fertigation with agro-industry effluents must be carried out with constant monitoring, so that agronomic procedures are adopted before any damage to the soil structure, without causing excess salts and nutrients in it, ensuring soil and groundwater preservation.
Animal production industries generate a large amount of liquid waste composed of water and nutrients, establishing a wastewater. These residues can be an important ally for irrigated agriculture, mitigating impacts on water pollution in the industry, caused by the release of these effluents into water bodies. The objective of this research was to evaluate the feasibility of reusing treated effluent from the rendering plant for irrigation in rural areas. A conventional microsprinkler system was used, with four parallel lines and uniform irrigation depths in the soil and in the crop of Uroclhoa brizantha cv. Marandu, over a period of seven months, with three treatments: treatment 1 – application with well water, treatment 2 – application with wastewater, treatment 3 – application with wastewater for replication. These managements were divided into three plots subdivided into equal dimensions, to investigate the effects of conduction on the physical-chemical characteristics of the soil (fertility pattern and chemical substances), two samplings were carried out, the first before fertigation and the other in the end of the experiment. There was no increase in soil chemical substances, but there was an increase in the levels of Na and NaCl in the soil solution, especially in the surface layers, although it was leached to deeper profiles, indicating a moderate potential for salinization. There were additions of nutrients such as MO, K and P, and increases in the concentration of V%, SB, CTC, pH, indicating that the use of wastewater from rendering plants is viable for irrigation in rural areas, can be used as indicators of soil quality, and making it a sustainable and nutrient-rich disposal. However, the concentrations of P and K, decreased due to the absorption of the culture for its development. Thus, fertigation with agro-industry effluents must be carried out with constant monitoring, so that agronomic procedures are adopted before any damage to the soil structure, without causing excess salts and nutrients in it, ensuring soil and groundwater preservation.
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Palavras-chave
Agricultura fertirrigada, Água residuária, Preservação ambiental, Resíduos, Agriculture, Waste, Wastewater, Environmental preservation