Inoculação de bactérias promotoras de crescimento associado a sistemas de consórcio de milho irrigado por aspersão
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Data
2021-12-07
Autores
Chimelo, Augusto Teixeira Cavanha
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Com a crescente demanda de produção de grãos, o uso de tecnologias que melhoram a produtividade e o desempenho agronômico aliada a sustentabilidade, de extrema importância. O uso de bactérias promotoras do crescimento, é uma tecnologia recente podendo ser uma alternativa. Com isso o objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o desempenho agronômico e produtivo do milho segunda safra, em cultivo solteiro e consorciado com culturas de cobertura aliado a aplicação via foliar de inoculante contendo Azospirillum brasilense. O experimento foi conduzido em uma área da Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Tecnológicas (FCAT/UNESP), Câmpus de Dracena, no período de fevereiro a junho de 2021, em Argissolo Vermelho Amarelo distrófico típico de textura arenosa. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi de blocos ao acaso, disposto em esquema fatorial 4x2, constituído pelo cultivo de milho solteiro e consorciado com culturas de cobertura (Crotalaria spectabilis, Urochloa ruziziensis e C. spectabilis + U. ruziziensis) na presença e ausência da aplicação via foliar (estádio V4) do inoculante contendo Azospirillum brasiliense, com 4 repetições. Foi utilizado o inoculante contendo cepas AbV5 e AbV6 de A. brasiliense (2×108 células viáveis mL) e a dose de 500 mL ha-1. Avaliações realizadas na cultura do milho foram: matéria seca de plantas; teor de clorofila (Índice SPAD) no estádio R1 do híbrido de milho; altura média de plantas; altura de inserção de espigas; diâmetro do colmo; radiação fotossinteticamente ativa (RFA); número de fileiras de grãos por espiga; comprimento de espiga; diâmetro da espiga; número de grãos por fileira; das parcelas colhidas foi quantificado o valor da massa de cem grãos. Os resultados, apontam que a inoculação da bactéria Azospirillum brasiliense via foliar juntamente com o consórcio, acarreta benefícios e aumento nas características agronômicas e consequentemente aumentando a produtividade. Dessa forma após realizar o estudo observa-se que, a inoculação associada ao consórcio, torna uma ótima opção visando o implemento de um maior volume de palhada pós-colheita sem prejudicar o desempenho produtivo do milho.
With the growing demand for grain production, the use of technologies that improve productivity and agronomic performance, together with sustainability, are extremely important. The use of growth-promoting bacteria is a recent technology and may be an alternative. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the agronomic and productive performance of corn second crop, in a single crop and intercropped with cover crops combined with foliar application of inoculant containing Azospirillum brasilense. The experiment was carried out in an area of the Faculty of Agrarian and Technological Sciences (FCAT/UNESP), Campus de Dracena, from February to June 2021, in a typical sandy-textured Dystrophic Yellow Argisol. The experimental design used was a randomized block, arranged in a 4x2 factorial scheme, consisting of single maize cultivation and intercropped with cover crops (Crotalaria spectabilis, Urochloa ruziziensis and C. spectabilis + U. ruziziensis) in the presence and absence of application via foliar (stage V4) of the inoculant containing Azospirillum brasiliense, with 4 replications. The inoculant containing strains AbV5 and AbV6 of A. brasiliense (2×108 viable cells mL) and a dose of 500 mL ha-1 was used. Evaluations carried out in the corn crop were: plant dry matter; chlorophyll content (SPAD Index) at the R1 stage of the corn hybrid; average plant height; spike insertion height; stem diameter; photosynthetically active radiation (RFA); number of grain rows per ear; ear length; ear diameter; number of grains per row; of the harvested parcels, the mass value of one hundred grains was quantified. The results show that the inoculation of the bacterium Azospirillum brasiliense via the foliar, together with the intercropping, brings benefits and increases in agronomic characteristics and consequently increases productivity. Thus, after carrying out the study, it is observed that the inoculation associated with the intercropping makes it a great option to implement a greater volume of postharvest straw without harming the productive performance of corn.
With the growing demand for grain production, the use of technologies that improve productivity and agronomic performance, together with sustainability, are extremely important. The use of growth-promoting bacteria is a recent technology and may be an alternative. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the agronomic and productive performance of corn second crop, in a single crop and intercropped with cover crops combined with foliar application of inoculant containing Azospirillum brasilense. The experiment was carried out in an area of the Faculty of Agrarian and Technological Sciences (FCAT/UNESP), Campus de Dracena, from February to June 2021, in a typical sandy-textured Dystrophic Yellow Argisol. The experimental design used was a randomized block, arranged in a 4x2 factorial scheme, consisting of single maize cultivation and intercropped with cover crops (Crotalaria spectabilis, Urochloa ruziziensis and C. spectabilis + U. ruziziensis) in the presence and absence of application via foliar (stage V4) of the inoculant containing Azospirillum brasiliense, with 4 replications. The inoculant containing strains AbV5 and AbV6 of A. brasiliense (2×108 viable cells mL) and a dose of 500 mL ha-1 was used. Evaluations carried out in the corn crop were: plant dry matter; chlorophyll content (SPAD Index) at the R1 stage of the corn hybrid; average plant height; spike insertion height; stem diameter; photosynthetically active radiation (RFA); number of grain rows per ear; ear length; ear diameter; number of grains per row; of the harvested parcels, the mass value of one hundred grains was quantified. The results show that the inoculation of the bacterium Azospirillum brasiliense via the foliar, together with the intercropping, brings benefits and increases in agronomic characteristics and consequently increases productivity. Thus, after carrying out the study, it is observed that the inoculation associated with the intercropping makes it a great option to implement a greater volume of postharvest straw without harming the productive performance of corn.
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Palavras-chave
Zea mays L., Azospirillum brasiliense, Bacterias diazotroficas, Adubação verde, Plantas de cobertura, Diazotrophic bacteria, Green manure, Cover plants