O Memorial da Resistência de São Paulo: análise de uma política pública de memória e suas contribuições ao longo de uma década.
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Data
2021-11-17
Autores
Campos, Guilherme Pires de
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O Memorial da Resistência de São Paulo (MRSP) é uma política pública de memória elaborada e implementada por meio da ação do Estado em conjunto com diversos atores sociais, como expresos políticos da Ditadura Militar (1964-1985). A instituição, gerida pela Associação Pinacoteca Arte e Cultura (APAC) - organização social que mantém contrato de gestão com Secretaria da Cultura de São Paulo -, foi desenvolvida para a preservação e garantia do direito às memórias da resistência política, ao redor de um lugar de memória: o prédio onde funcionou o Departamento Estadual de Ordem Política e Social de São Paulo (Deops/SP). O MRSP, por ser modelo raro no país, apresenta um rol de atividades e serviços, como pesquisa científica, formação de alunos e professores, promoção de eventos culturais e debates públicos sobre democracia e outros temas correlatos. Por isso mesmo representa um avanço importante neste campo de estudos, desde as ações realizadas no período que ficou conhecido como justiça de transição, com início a partir da redemocratização do país. Entretanto, diante do atual contexto político brasileiro, com o surgimento de uma nova onda de revisionismo e negacionismo históricos, as disputas pelas memórias da Ditadura voltam para a arena de conflito social. Tal processo se apresenta como uma ameaça às políticas de memória em curso no país, assim como a permanência de museus e centros de memória. Isso ocorre ao mesmo tempo que o conceito de resistência, gerador do MRSP, ganha aspectos contemporâneos diante da violência policial sistematizada contra homossexuais, negros, moradores de comunidade, dependentes químicos e pessoas em situação de rua. Dentro disso surge o objetivo desta pesquisa. Por ser caso raro no país, o estudo de caso do Memorial com foco nas análises do ciclo desta política e suas atividades oferecidas ao longo da última década se faz importante. Identificar suas contribuições, além de ampliar o conhecimento do tema, serve de base para a multiplicação de ações e elaboração de novas políticas no país. As fontes documentais utilizadas como base foram os relatórios de metas e resultados de atividades publicados anualmente pela APAC, os Planos Museológicos (2010 e 2019) da instituição e os Planos de Trabalho presentes nos contratos de gestão. Os resultados desta análise revelam que, apesar de o modelo de gestão ter sido fundamental para sua existência e permanência, a expansão das ações esbarra na falta de recursos e de autonomia da instituição. Além disso, a política depende de parcerias com outras secretarias e programas de fomento para a execução das linhas programáticas do Memorial, como transporte escolar para a visitação de estudantes. Apesar da intenção de expansão do MRSP para além dos muros do prédio onde funcionou o antigo Deops/SP, muitos obstáculos ainda precisam ser superados.
The Memorial da Resistência de São Paulo (MRSP) is a policy of memory elaborated and implemented through the State action along with numerous social actors, such as former political prisoners of the Military Dictatorship (1964-1985). The institution, managed by Associação Pinacoteca Arte e Cultura (APAC) – a social organization that maintains a management contract with the São Paulo Departament of Culture -, was developed to preserve and guarantee the right to memories of political resistance, surrounding a place of memory: the building where the where the State Department of Political and Social Order of São Paulo (Deops/SP) functioned. The MRSP, a rare model in the country, presents a range of activities and services, such as scientific research, teacher and student training, promotion of cultural events and public debates on democracy and other related topics. Due to this fact, it represents an important advance in this study field, since the actions carried out in the period that became known as transitional justice, beginning with the country’s re-democratization. However, due to the current Brazilian political context, with the emergence of a new wave of historical revisionism and denial, the disputes over the Dictatorship memories return to the social conflict arena. Such process presents itself as a threat to the politics of memory underway in the country, as well as the permanence of museums and memory centers. This occurs while the concept of resistance, generator of the MRSP, gains contemporary aspects in the face of systematized police violence against homosexuals, Black individuals, community residents, drug addicts and homeless people. Within that arises the objective of this research. Being a rare case in the country, the Memorial case study, focusing on the analysis of this policy cycle and its activities offered over the last decade, presents itself as an important issue. Identifying their contributions, in addition to expanding knowledge of the topic, serves as basis for the multiplication of actions and the elaboration of new policies in the country. The documentary sources used as basis were the reports of goals and results of activities published annually by APAC, the Museological Plans (2010 and 2019) of the institution and the Work Plans present in the management contracts. The results of this analysis reveal that, despite the management model having been fundamental for its existence and permanence, the expansion of actions comes up against the institution's lack of resources and autonomy. In addition, the policy depends on partnerships with other secretariats and development programs for the execution of the Memorial's programmatic lines, such as school transportation for visiting students. Despite the intention of expanding the MRSP beyond the walls of the building where the old Deops/SP functioned, many obstacles still need to be vanquished.
The Memorial da Resistência de São Paulo (MRSP) is a policy of memory elaborated and implemented through the State action along with numerous social actors, such as former political prisoners of the Military Dictatorship (1964-1985). The institution, managed by Associação Pinacoteca Arte e Cultura (APAC) – a social organization that maintains a management contract with the São Paulo Departament of Culture -, was developed to preserve and guarantee the right to memories of political resistance, surrounding a place of memory: the building where the where the State Department of Political and Social Order of São Paulo (Deops/SP) functioned. The MRSP, a rare model in the country, presents a range of activities and services, such as scientific research, teacher and student training, promotion of cultural events and public debates on democracy and other related topics. Due to this fact, it represents an important advance in this study field, since the actions carried out in the period that became known as transitional justice, beginning with the country’s re-democratization. However, due to the current Brazilian political context, with the emergence of a new wave of historical revisionism and denial, the disputes over the Dictatorship memories return to the social conflict arena. Such process presents itself as a threat to the politics of memory underway in the country, as well as the permanence of museums and memory centers. This occurs while the concept of resistance, generator of the MRSP, gains contemporary aspects in the face of systematized police violence against homosexuals, Black individuals, community residents, drug addicts and homeless people. Within that arises the objective of this research. Being a rare case in the country, the Memorial case study, focusing on the analysis of this policy cycle and its activities offered over the last decade, presents itself as an important issue. Identifying their contributions, in addition to expanding knowledge of the topic, serves as basis for the multiplication of actions and the elaboration of new policies in the country. The documentary sources used as basis were the reports of goals and results of activities published annually by APAC, the Museological Plans (2010 and 2019) of the institution and the Work Plans present in the management contracts. The results of this analysis reveal that, despite the management model having been fundamental for its existence and permanence, the expansion of actions comes up against the institution's lack of resources and autonomy. In addition, the policy depends on partnerships with other secretariats and development programs for the execution of the Memorial's programmatic lines, such as school transportation for visiting students. Despite the intention of expanding the MRSP beyond the walls of the building where the old Deops/SP functioned, many obstacles still need to be vanquished.
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Palavras-chave
Memorial da Resistência de São Paulo, Memória política, Políticas públicas de memória, Political memory, Public memory policies