Os riscos de estresse oxidativo sistêmico e lesão renal associados à hiperhomocisteinemia em ratos obesos diminuem com o consumo de chá mate (Ilex paraguariensis) descafeinado.
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Data
2022-02-21
Autores
Ferraz, Murilo Catelani
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O consumo de refrigerante de cola (RC) induz obesidade em ratos e seu efeito é prevenido pelo chá mate (CM). A obesidade e a cafeína presente no RC e CM podem contribuir para hiperhomocisteinemia (HHcy) e consequente estresse oxidativo sistêmico (EOS) e doença renal (DR). Tendo isso em vista, o objetivo desse trabalho foi responder as seguintes perguntas: A obesidade e o consumo da cafeína presente no chá mate e no refrigerante de cola aumentam a concentração plasmática de homocisteína em ratos? A hiperhomocisteinemia contribui para o estresse oxidativo sistêmico e lesão renal? Desse modo, realizou-se um estudo randomizado e cego com 90 ratos Wistar tratados por 120 dias com e sem RC, CM descafeinado ou in natura. A concentração plasmática de homocisteína (Hcy) do grupo com obesidade foi comparada aos demais e associada a indicadores de DR (creatinina, ureia e dimetilarginina simétrica plasmáticos, densidade, microalbumina e cálcio urinários) e EOS (albumina, ácido úrico, bilirrubina total, peroxidação lipídica, capacidade antioxidante total e concentração de oxidante total). As diferenças entre os grupos foram calculadas por ANOVA + pós-teste de Tukey. A associação entre HHcy e os marcadores de DR e EOS foi quantificada pelo coeficiente r de Pearson, razão de probabilidade e teste de Fisher (GraphPad Prism, v.5.1). A cafeína do CM in natura causou um discreto aumento da Hcy. A HHcy confirmada em ratos obesos diminuiu com o consumo de CM descafeinado ou in natura. Observamos correlação positiva entre HHcy, peroxidação lipídica e microalbuminuria, com risco relativo 6 vezes maior de ocorrência de HHcy em ratos com obesidade e 3 vezes maior de microalbuminuria em ratos com HHcy. A HHcy ocorre em ratos com obesidade e está associada com o EOS e DR. O CM descafeinado foi mais eficaz que a sua forma in natura cafeinada na prevenção da HHcy, EOS e injuria renal.
The consumption of cola drinks (CD) induces obesity in rats and its effect is prevented by mate tea (MT). Obesity and caffeine present in CD and MT may contribute to hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) and consequent systemic oxidative stress (SOS) and kidney disease (KD). With this in mind, the aim of this work was to answer the following questions: Does obesity and the consumption of caffeine present in mate and cola tea increase the plasma concentration of homocysteine in rats? Does hyperhomocysteinemia contribute to systemic oxidative stress and kidney damage? Thus, a randomized and blind study was carried out with 90 Wistar treated for 120 days with and without CR, decaffeinated or in natura CM. The plasma concentration of homocysteine (Hcy) in the obese group was compared to the others and associated with indicators of KD (plasma creatinine, urea and symmetrical dimethylarginine, density, urinary microalbumin and calcium) and SOS (albumin, uric acid, total bilirubin, lipid peroxidation, total antioxidant capacity and total oxidant concentration). Differences between groups were calculated by ANOVA + Tukey's post-test. The association between HHcy and DR and EOS markers was quantified by Pearson's r coefficient, odds ratio and Fisher's test (GraphPad Prism, v.5.1). Caffeine from CM in natura caused a slight increase in Hcy. HHcy confirmed in obese rats decreased with consumption of decaffeinated or in natura CM. We observed a positive correlation between HHcy, lipid peroxidation and microalbuminuria, with a 6-fold higher relative risk of HHcy occurrence in obese rats and a 3-fold higher relative risk of microalbuminuria in HHcy rats. HHcy occurs in obese rats and is associated with EOS and DR. Decaffeinated CM was more effective than its in natura caffeinated form in preventing HHcy, EOS and kidney injury.
The consumption of cola drinks (CD) induces obesity in rats and its effect is prevented by mate tea (MT). Obesity and caffeine present in CD and MT may contribute to hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) and consequent systemic oxidative stress (SOS) and kidney disease (KD). With this in mind, the aim of this work was to answer the following questions: Does obesity and the consumption of caffeine present in mate and cola tea increase the plasma concentration of homocysteine in rats? Does hyperhomocysteinemia contribute to systemic oxidative stress and kidney damage? Thus, a randomized and blind study was carried out with 90 Wistar treated for 120 days with and without CR, decaffeinated or in natura CM. The plasma concentration of homocysteine (Hcy) in the obese group was compared to the others and associated with indicators of KD (plasma creatinine, urea and symmetrical dimethylarginine, density, urinary microalbumin and calcium) and SOS (albumin, uric acid, total bilirubin, lipid peroxidation, total antioxidant capacity and total oxidant concentration). Differences between groups were calculated by ANOVA + Tukey's post-test. The association between HHcy and DR and EOS markers was quantified by Pearson's r coefficient, odds ratio and Fisher's test (GraphPad Prism, v.5.1). Caffeine from CM in natura caused a slight increase in Hcy. HHcy confirmed in obese rats decreased with consumption of decaffeinated or in natura CM. We observed a positive correlation between HHcy, lipid peroxidation and microalbuminuria, with a 6-fold higher relative risk of HHcy occurrence in obese rats and a 3-fold higher relative risk of microalbuminuria in HHcy rats. HHcy occurs in obese rats and is associated with EOS and DR. Decaffeinated CM was more effective than its in natura caffeinated form in preventing HHcy, EOS and kidney injury.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Homocisteína, Cafeína, Erva-mate, Refrigerantes, Peroxidação de lipídeos, Homocysteine, Caffeine, Mate herb, Soda drinks, Lipid peroxidation