Strigiformes da Estação Ecológica dos Caetetus: composição, seleção e uso de habitat e sazonalidade
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Data
2022-02-17
Autores
Martins, Rafael Martos
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Informações associadas a seleção e uso de habitat de comunidades de Strigiformes, as corujas, são pouco abordadas. Esse estudo objetivou conhecer as espécies de Strigiformes da Estação Ecológica dos Caetetus (EECa), se há sazonalidade e entender as características que levam as espécies a selecionar e usar determinados habitat. O estudo foi realizado na EECa, São Paulo, Brasil, com uma área de 2.179 ha de mata estacional semidecidual. Utilizou-se o método de pontos de contagem com playback entre janeiro de 2018 a dezembro de 2019. Foram selecionados 12 pontos e cada um foi amostrado por 30 minutos/mês. Totalizou-se 144 horas de esforço amostral. Para análise de seleção e uso de habitat foram coletados dados referentes a estrutura de vegetação; dados abióticos e das possíveis presas com metodologias especificas. Após, foi elaborada uma lista de espécies, foi estimado o número de indivíduos/espécie e avaliado a existência de sazonalidade. Foram registrados 26 indivíduos de quatro espécies, sendo: 12 Strix virgata, seis Pulsatrix koeniswaldiana, cinco Megascops atricapilla e três Megascops choliba. Não houve sazonalidade na comunidade de corujas. Em relação a estrutura da vegetação, S. virgata prefere locais com características de floresta madura, embora tenha tolerância quanto à altura do dossel e perímetro na altura do peito das árvores. Pulsatrix koeniswaldiana possui uma plasticidade em relação as características do habitat, utilizando até áreas de borda. Megascops choliba é escassa no interior da EECa e parece evitar áreas de mata madura. Já M. atricapilla ocorre desde locais com dossel mais baixo até em locais de mata mais madura. Em relação as variáveis abióticas, para S. virgata a umidade teve efeito positivo e o vento efeito negativo; para M. atricapilla a temperatura teve efeito positivo e, para as outras espécies, não foi significativa. Em relação a abundância de presas, durante a estação chuvosa a abundância de artrópodes e anfíbios foram significativas, enquanto na estação seca a abundância de artrópodes foi significativa. Os roedores foram um item alimentar importante ao longo do ano. Assim, o estudo evidencia a importância da conservação de fragmentos de mata no interior do Estado de São Paulo, os quais abrigam uma significativa diversidade de corujas e consequentemente uma significativa biodiversidade geral.
Information associated with the selection and use of habitat of Strigiformes (owls) communities, as a whole, is poorly addressed. This study aimed to know the Strigiformes species from the Caetetus Ecological Station (EECa), if there is seasonality and to understand the characteristics that lead the species to select and use certain habitats. The study was carried out at EECa, São Paulo state, Brazil, with an area of 2,179 ha of Seasonal Semideciduous Forest. The point counts method with playback was used between January 2018 and December 2019. Twelve points were selected and each one was sampled for 30 minutes/month. A total of 144 hours of sampling effort was made. For habitat selection and use analysis, data were collected referring to vegetation structure; abiotic data and sampled possible prey with specific methodologies. Afterwards, a species list was elaborated, estimate the number of individuals/species and evaluated the existence of seasonality. We recorded 26 individuals of four species: 12 Strix virgata, six Pulsatrix koeniswaldiana, five Megascops atricapilla and three Megascops choliba. There was no seasonality in the owl community. Regarding the structure of the vegetation, S. virgata prefers places with characteristics of mature forest, although it has tolerance for canopy height and perimeter at the chest height of trees. Pulsatrix koeniswaldiana has a plasticity in relation to habitat characteristics, even using border areas. Megascops choliba is scarce within the EECa and seems to avoid areas of mature forest. On the other hand, M. atricapilla occurs from places with a lower canopy to more mature forest areas. Regarding the abiotic variables, for S. virgata, air humidity had positive effect and wind negative effect; for M. atricapilla the temperature had positive effect and for the other owl species, they were not significant. Regarding prey abundance, during the rainy season the abundance of arthropods and amphibians were significant, while in the dry season the availability of arthropods was significant. The rodents, were an important food item throughout the year. Thus, the study highlights the importance of conserving forest fragments in the interior of the São Paulo state, which harbor a significant diversity of owls and, consequently, a significant general biodiversity.
Information associated with the selection and use of habitat of Strigiformes (owls) communities, as a whole, is poorly addressed. This study aimed to know the Strigiformes species from the Caetetus Ecological Station (EECa), if there is seasonality and to understand the characteristics that lead the species to select and use certain habitats. The study was carried out at EECa, São Paulo state, Brazil, with an area of 2,179 ha of Seasonal Semideciduous Forest. The point counts method with playback was used between January 2018 and December 2019. Twelve points were selected and each one was sampled for 30 minutes/month. A total of 144 hours of sampling effort was made. For habitat selection and use analysis, data were collected referring to vegetation structure; abiotic data and sampled possible prey with specific methodologies. Afterwards, a species list was elaborated, estimate the number of individuals/species and evaluated the existence of seasonality. We recorded 26 individuals of four species: 12 Strix virgata, six Pulsatrix koeniswaldiana, five Megascops atricapilla and three Megascops choliba. There was no seasonality in the owl community. Regarding the structure of the vegetation, S. virgata prefers places with characteristics of mature forest, although it has tolerance for canopy height and perimeter at the chest height of trees. Pulsatrix koeniswaldiana has a plasticity in relation to habitat characteristics, even using border areas. Megascops choliba is scarce within the EECa and seems to avoid areas of mature forest. On the other hand, M. atricapilla occurs from places with a lower canopy to more mature forest areas. Regarding the abiotic variables, for S. virgata, air humidity had positive effect and wind negative effect; for M. atricapilla the temperature had positive effect and for the other owl species, they were not significant. Regarding prey abundance, during the rainy season the abundance of arthropods and amphibians were significant, while in the dry season the availability of arthropods was significant. The rodents, were an important food item throughout the year. Thus, the study highlights the importance of conserving forest fragments in the interior of the São Paulo state, which harbor a significant diversity of owls and, consequently, a significant general biodiversity.
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Aves, Conservação, Corujas, Ecologia, Mata atlântica, Birds, Owl, Conservation, Ecology, Rainforest