Efeito de diferentes programas de exercício físico comunitário sobre variáveis antropométricas, hemodinâmicas e capacidade física e funcional de mulheres idosas
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2022-01-19
Autores
Amaral, Vanessa Teixeira do
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
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Introdução: Realizar exercícios físicos de maneira sistematizada é fundamental para promover a manutenção das capacidades físicas e funcionais e da condição hemodinâmica, que sofrem um declínio com o processo de envelhecimento. Objetivo: Avaliar o efeito da intensidade (alta vs. moderada) e modalidade (aeróbio combinado com resistido ou resistido isolado) de programas de exercício físico comunitário e sua interrupção, sobre variáveis antropométricas, hemodinâmicas e funcionais de mulheres idosas. Métodos: 92 mulheres idosas (71,7 ± 5,21 anos) foram randomizadas para programa de treinamento intervalado de alta intensidade combinado com treinamento resistido (TI+TR; N = 34), treinamento contínuo de moderada intensidade combinado com treinamento resistido (TC+TR; N = 38) ou treinamento resistido isolado (TR; N = 20) durante nove meses. Variáveis antropométricas (peso, circunferência da cintura e índice de massa corporal), hemodinâmicas (pressão arterial [PA], frequência cardíaca [FC] e rigidez arterial [velocidade da onda de pulso carótido-femoral - VOP]) e funcionais (flexibilidade [testes de sentar e alcançar], força e preensão palmar, teste de sentar e levantar cinco vezes, timed-up and go [TUG] e teste de caminhada de seis minutos [TC6]) foram avaliadas antes e após nove meses de treinamento, bem como após três meses da sua interrupção. Resultados: Houve redução (P < 0,01) da circunferência da cintura (-3 cm), PA sistólica (- 7 mmHg) e rigidez arterial (-0,6 m/s), bem como melhora (P < 0,001) no desempenho nos testes de flexibilidade (5 cm), força e preensão palmar (4 kgf), sentar e levantar (-2,9 s), TUG (-2 s) e TC6 (83 m) após TI+TR. No entanto, após TC+TR, houve melhora significativa (P < 0,05) apenas na circunferência da cintura (-3 cm) e no desempenho nos testes de flexibilidade (3 cm), força e preensão palmar (4 kgf), sentar e levantar (-2,2 s), TUG (-1,2 s) e TC6 (46 m), enquanto que somente o desempenho nos testes de flexibilidade (3 cm), força e preensão palmar (4 kgf), sentar e levantar (-3,1 s), TUG (-1,0 s) e TC6 (42 m) melhoraram (P < 0,05) após TR. O TR foi eficiente para manter os benefícios após a interrupção apenas sobre o sentar e levantar. As melhoras na circunferência da cintura, sentar e levantar e TUG foram mantidas após três meses de interrupção de TI+TR e TC+TR. Entretanto, as melhorias no teste de sentar e alcançar, força e preensão palmar, TC6 e rigidez arterial foram mantidas após três meses de interrupção do programa de exercícios apenas em TI+TR. Conclusão: Os três programas de exercício comunitário foram eficientes para melhora da capacidade funcional de mulheres idosas. Entretanto, somente os programas combinados (TI+TR e TC+TR) diminuíram a circunferência da cintura, enquanto que somente o programa combinado com aeróbio de alta intensidade (TI+TR) foi eficiente para reduzir a PA e rigidez arterial, bem como foi mais eficiente que os demais para manter os benefícios após três meses de interrupção do programa de exercícios. Estes resultados sugerem que a intensidade e modalidade do exercício podem afetar as adaptações de variáveis antropométricas e hemodinâmicas de mulheres idosas à programas treinamento comunitário.
Introduction: Performing physical exercises in a systematic way is essential to promote the maintenance of physical and functional capacities and the hemodynamic condition which suffer a decline with the aging process. Objective: To evaluate the effect of intensity (high vs. moderate) and modality (aerobic combined with resistance or isolated resistance) of community-based exercise programs and their interruption on anthropometric, hemodynamic and functional variables in older women. Methods: 92 older women (71.7 ± 5.21 years) were randomized to a high-intensity interval training combined with resistance training (HIIT+RT; N = 34), moderate-intensity continuous training combined with resistance training (MICT+RT; N = 38) or isolated resistance training (RT; N = 20) for nine months. Anthropometric (weight, waist circumference and body mass index), hemodynamic (blood pressure, heart rate and arterial stiffness [carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity-PWV]) and functional capacity (flexibility [sit and reach tests], handgrip strength, five-time sit-to stand test, timed-up and go test [TUG] and six-minute walk test [6MWT]) were measured before and after nine months of training, as well as after three months of interruption. Results: There was a reduction (P < 0.01) in waist circumference (-3 cm), systolic blood pressure (-7 mmHg) and arterial stiffness (-0.6 m/s), as well as improvement (P < 0.001) in the performance of the flexibility tests (5 cm), handgrip strength (4 kgf), five-time sit-to stand test (-2.9 s), TUG (-2 s) and 6MWT (83 m) after HIIT+RT. However, after MICT+RT, there was significant improvement (P < 0.05) only in waist circumference (-3 cm) and in the performance of the flexibility (3 cm), handgrip strength (4 kgf), five-time sit-to stand test (- 2.2 s), TUG (-1.2 s) and 6MWT (46 m), while only the performance in the flexibility tests (3 cm), handgrip strength (4 kgf), five-time sit-to stand test (-3.1 s), TUG (-1.0 s) and 6MWT (42 m) improved (P < 0.05) after RT. The TR was efficient to maintain the benefits after the interruption only on the sit and reach test. The improvements in waist circumference, sit and reach and TUG were maintained after three months of interruption of HIIT+RT and MICT+RT. However, the improvements in the sit and reach test, handgrip strength, 6MWT and arterial stiffness were maintained after three months of interruption of the exercise program only in HIIT+RT. Conclusion: All community-based exercise programs were efficient to improve the functional capacity of low-income older women. However, only the combined programs (HIIT+RT and MICT+RT) decreased the waist circumference, while only the combined program with high-intensity aerobic (HIIT+RT) was efficient to reduce blood pressure and arterial stiffness, as well as being more efficient than the others to maintain the benefits after three months of interruption of the exercise program. These results suggest that the intensity and modality of exercise may affect the adaptations of anthropometric and hemodynamic variables of older women to community-based exercise programs.
Introduction: Performing physical exercises in a systematic way is essential to promote the maintenance of physical and functional capacities and the hemodynamic condition which suffer a decline with the aging process. Objective: To evaluate the effect of intensity (high vs. moderate) and modality (aerobic combined with resistance or isolated resistance) of community-based exercise programs and their interruption on anthropometric, hemodynamic and functional variables in older women. Methods: 92 older women (71.7 ± 5.21 years) were randomized to a high-intensity interval training combined with resistance training (HIIT+RT; N = 34), moderate-intensity continuous training combined with resistance training (MICT+RT; N = 38) or isolated resistance training (RT; N = 20) for nine months. Anthropometric (weight, waist circumference and body mass index), hemodynamic (blood pressure, heart rate and arterial stiffness [carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity-PWV]) and functional capacity (flexibility [sit and reach tests], handgrip strength, five-time sit-to stand test, timed-up and go test [TUG] and six-minute walk test [6MWT]) were measured before and after nine months of training, as well as after three months of interruption. Results: There was a reduction (P < 0.01) in waist circumference (-3 cm), systolic blood pressure (-7 mmHg) and arterial stiffness (-0.6 m/s), as well as improvement (P < 0.001) in the performance of the flexibility tests (5 cm), handgrip strength (4 kgf), five-time sit-to stand test (-2.9 s), TUG (-2 s) and 6MWT (83 m) after HIIT+RT. However, after MICT+RT, there was significant improvement (P < 0.05) only in waist circumference (-3 cm) and in the performance of the flexibility (3 cm), handgrip strength (4 kgf), five-time sit-to stand test (- 2.2 s), TUG (-1.2 s) and 6MWT (46 m), while only the performance in the flexibility tests (3 cm), handgrip strength (4 kgf), five-time sit-to stand test (-3.1 s), TUG (-1.0 s) and 6MWT (42 m) improved (P < 0.05) after RT. The TR was efficient to maintain the benefits after the interruption only on the sit and reach test. The improvements in waist circumference, sit and reach and TUG were maintained after three months of interruption of HIIT+RT and MICT+RT. However, the improvements in the sit and reach test, handgrip strength, 6MWT and arterial stiffness were maintained after three months of interruption of the exercise program only in HIIT+RT. Conclusion: All community-based exercise programs were efficient to improve the functional capacity of low-income older women. However, only the combined programs (HIIT+RT and MICT+RT) decreased the waist circumference, while only the combined program with high-intensity aerobic (HIIT+RT) was efficient to reduce blood pressure and arterial stiffness, as well as being more efficient than the others to maintain the benefits after three months of interruption of the exercise program. These results suggest that the intensity and modality of exercise may affect the adaptations of anthropometric and hemodynamic variables of older women to community-based exercise programs.
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Palavras-chave
Atividade física, Envelhecimento, Exercício Físico Comunitário, Rigidez Arterial., Physical activity, Aging, Community-Based Exercise Program., Arterial stiffness