As indicações geográficas de café e a participação da agricultura familiar sob a perspectiva das meso-instituições
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Data
2022-02-18
Autores
Cardoso, Vitória Aparecida
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A agricultura familiar desempenha uma série de papéis importantes para a sociedade. Entre eles destacam-se a sua considerável importância para a segurança alimentar do país, a ocupação de força de trabalho no campo e a preservação do meio ambiente. Apesar de sua importância, os agricultores familiares têm de lidar com diversas dificuldades, como a falta de recursos para investimentos e o difícil acesso aos mercados. Logo, estratégias que possam torná-los mais competitivos devem ser estudadas, sendo as Indicações Geográficas (IG) uma delas. As IG são signos distintivos que identificam um bem ou serviço ligado a um local de origem que se tornou conhecido por sua notoriedade. Para que o produtor tenha o direito de fazer uso da IG, ele deve seguir um conjunto de regras que estão estabelecidas nos cadernos de especificação técnica (CET). Neste contexto, esta pesquisa tem como objetivo geral verificar se os CET influenciam a participação da agricultura familiar nas IG de café dos territórios do Alta Mogiana e Região de Pinhal, localizados no estado de São Paulo. Para tanto, além de pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, foi realizado um estudo de múltiplos casos. Tal análise se deu sob a luz da Nova Economia Institucional, mais especificamente, com base nas meso-instituições. Os resultados demonstram que os cadernos de regras apresentam problemas ligados às dimensões de tradução, alocação e monitoramento do uso dos direitos. Ambas as regiões estabeleceram, por exemplo, delimitações geográficas e padrões de qualidade que não são representativos da região. Quanto ao processo de desenho das regras, observou-se que ele se deu de forma pouco participativa na Região de Pinhal e contou, principalmente, com as ações de grandes produtores na Região da Alta Mogiana. Ao perceberem que algumas regras eram imprecisas, a Região da Alta Mogiana solicitou alteração dos cadernos, enquanto a Região de Pinhal tem discutido alterações. Ainda, por meio dos resultados foi possível perceber que as regras podem ser facilmente cumpridas pelos produtores das duas regiões, o que demonstra que elas não possuem caráter excludente. Porém, fatores como falta de informações sobre a IG e reconhecimento do mercado afetam a adoção desses signos distintivos por parte dos produtores.
Family farming plays several roles for society. They are important for the country's food security, for the generation of jobs in the countryside, and the environmental preservation. Despite their importance, family farmers deal with various difficulties, such as the lack of resources for investments and difficulties related to market access. Therefore, strategies that can make them more competitive must be studied, and Geographical Indications (GIs) are among them. GIs are distinctive signs that identify a good or service linked to a place of origin that has become known for its notoriety. To be part of a GI, a farmer must follow a set of rules that are established in the code of practice (CoP). Therefore, this dissertation aims to verify if the CoP impacts the participation of family farming in two coffee GI: the Alta Mogiana and Pinhal Region ones, located in the state of São Paulo. Therefore, in addition to bibliographical and documentary research, a study of multiple cases was carried out. Such analysis took place under the light of the New Institutional Economy, more specifically, this study was based on the concept of meso-institutions. The results show that the CoPs face problems related to the translation, allocation, and monitoring of rights. Both CoP have, for example, established geographic boundaries and quality standards that are not representative of the region. Regarding the process of designing the rules, it was observed that it took place in a non-participatory way in the Pinhal Region and relied on the actions of large producers in the Alta Mogiana Region. After realizing that some rules were imprecise, the Alta Mogiana Region updated the CoP, while the Pinhal Region has been discussing rule changes. In addition, it is worth mentioning that the rules can be easily followed by the farmers of the two regions, which demonstrates that they do not have an excluding character. However, factors such as lack of information about GI and market recognition affect the adoption of these distinctive signs by farmers.
Family farming plays several roles for society. They are important for the country's food security, for the generation of jobs in the countryside, and the environmental preservation. Despite their importance, family farmers deal with various difficulties, such as the lack of resources for investments and difficulties related to market access. Therefore, strategies that can make them more competitive must be studied, and Geographical Indications (GIs) are among them. GIs are distinctive signs that identify a good or service linked to a place of origin that has become known for its notoriety. To be part of a GI, a farmer must follow a set of rules that are established in the code of practice (CoP). Therefore, this dissertation aims to verify if the CoP impacts the participation of family farming in two coffee GI: the Alta Mogiana and Pinhal Region ones, located in the state of São Paulo. Therefore, in addition to bibliographical and documentary research, a study of multiple cases was carried out. Such analysis took place under the light of the New Institutional Economy, more specifically, this study was based on the concept of meso-institutions. The results show that the CoPs face problems related to the translation, allocation, and monitoring of rights. Both CoP have, for example, established geographic boundaries and quality standards that are not representative of the region. Regarding the process of designing the rules, it was observed that it took place in a non-participatory way in the Pinhal Region and relied on the actions of large producers in the Alta Mogiana Region. After realizing that some rules were imprecise, the Alta Mogiana Region updated the CoP, while the Pinhal Region has been discussing rule changes. In addition, it is worth mentioning that the rules can be easily followed by the farmers of the two regions, which demonstrates that they do not have an excluding character. However, factors such as lack of information about GI and market recognition affect the adoption of these distinctive signs by farmers.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Meso-instituições, Pequenos produtores, Café, Meso-institutions, Smallholders, Coffee