Efeito de dose para o estabelecimento rizosférico e endofítico de microrganismos promotores de crescimento de plantas
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Data
2022-03-11
Autores
Diaz, Paola Andrea Escobar [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A agricultura desempenha um papel importante na economia do Brasil. Nesse contexto, fertilizantes minerais e defensivos agrícolas são aplicados em grande escala visando o aumento da produtividade para atender a demanda da população mundial. Um dos aspectos negativos associados a essas atividades é a perda da qualidade do solo e suas propriedades físicas e químicas. O assunto se tornou uma preocupação ambiental devido às mudanças nas condições climáticas e riscos à saúde pública que afetam a segurança alimentar e a sustentabilidade na agricultura. Essa situação exigiu o desenvolvimento de alternativas sustentáveis e ecologicamente corretas para a agricultura. Diante disso, o estudo de microrganismos do solo associados às plantas tem grande potencial pois estão direta ou indiretamente envolvidos na promoção de crescimento e aumento da produtividade das plantas através da produção de fitormônios, disponibilização de nutrientes e produção de compostos orgânicos voláteis e antimicrobianos (antibióticos, enzimas líticas e sideróforos). Os microrganismos interagem de diversas maneiras com as plantas beneficiando-as e garantindo recursos para si em troca. Várias espécies de fungos e bactérias são relatadas como promotoras de crescimento em várias culturas e vêm sendo utilizados como inoculantes biológicos na agricultura com a finalidade de aumentar a produtividade das culturas. Assim, o presente estudo teve como objetivo determinar o efeito da concentração para o estabelecimento rizosférico e endofítico de três cepas de fungos do gênero Aspergillus e três cepas bacterianas do gênero Bacillus selecionados pelo potencial de promoção de crescimento de plantas. O potencial de promoção de crescimento e colonização em plantas de algodão foram avaliados a partir de testes em casa-de-vegetação na cultura do algodão. Foram avaliados os parâmetros massa seca, teores de fósforo e nitrogênio nas plantas e contagem de unidades formadoras de colônias nas plantas e no solo. Posteriormente, duas cepas de fungos e bactérias foram selecionadas e testadas em duas concentrações em campo para determinar o efeito das cepas e concentrações na produtividade da cultura de algodão. Foi verificado que a colonização das plantas de algodão e produtividade da cultura foi variável e não associada à concentração. Finalmente, estudos são necessários para determinar a capacidade de promoção de crescimento de Bacillus e Aspergillus em outras culturas e seu impacto na produtividade e no ambiente.
Agriculture plays an important role in the Brazilian economy. In this context, mineral fertilizers and pesticides are applied on a large scale to increase productivity to meet the demand of the world population. One of the negative aspects associated with these activities is to lose the soil quality and physical and chemical properties. This issue has become an environmental concern due to changing climatic conditions and public health risks that affect food security and sustainability of agriculture. This situation required the development of sustainable and ecologically correct alternatives to agriculture. Therefore, the study of soil microorganisms associated with plants has great potential as they are directly or indirectly involved in promoting growth and increasing plant productivity through the production of phytohormones, availability of nutrients and production of volatile organic and antimicrobial compounds (antibiotics, lytic enzymes and siderophores). Microorganisms interact in different ways with plants, benefiting them and guaranteeing resources for themselves in return. Several species of fungi and bacteria are reported as plant growth promoters in several cultures and have been used as biological inoculants in agriculture to increase crop productivity. Thus, the present study aimed to determine the effect of concentration for the rhizospheric and endophytic establishment of three strains of Aspergillus and three strains of Bacillus selected for their potential as plant growth promoters. The plant growth promotion and colonization in cotton plants were evaluated in greenhouse. The parameters dry mass, phosphorus and nitrogen contents in the plants and the number of colony forming units in the plants and in the soil were evaluated. Subsequently, two strains of fungi and bacteria were selected and tested at two concentrations in the field to determine the effect of strains and concentrations on cotton yield. It was verified that the colonization of cotton plants and crop productivity was variable and not associated with concentration. Finally, further studies are needed to determine the plant growth promoting ability of Bacillus and Aspergillus in other crops and their impact on productivity and environment.
Agriculture plays an important role in the Brazilian economy. In this context, mineral fertilizers and pesticides are applied on a large scale to increase productivity to meet the demand of the world population. One of the negative aspects associated with these activities is to lose the soil quality and physical and chemical properties. This issue has become an environmental concern due to changing climatic conditions and public health risks that affect food security and sustainability of agriculture. This situation required the development of sustainable and ecologically correct alternatives to agriculture. Therefore, the study of soil microorganisms associated with plants has great potential as they are directly or indirectly involved in promoting growth and increasing plant productivity through the production of phytohormones, availability of nutrients and production of volatile organic and antimicrobial compounds (antibiotics, lytic enzymes and siderophores). Microorganisms interact in different ways with plants, benefiting them and guaranteeing resources for themselves in return. Several species of fungi and bacteria are reported as plant growth promoters in several cultures and have been used as biological inoculants in agriculture to increase crop productivity. Thus, the present study aimed to determine the effect of concentration for the rhizospheric and endophytic establishment of three strains of Aspergillus and three strains of Bacillus selected for their potential as plant growth promoters. The plant growth promotion and colonization in cotton plants were evaluated in greenhouse. The parameters dry mass, phosphorus and nitrogen contents in the plants and the number of colony forming units in the plants and in the soil were evaluated. Subsequently, two strains of fungi and bacteria were selected and tested at two concentrations in the field to determine the effect of strains and concentrations on cotton yield. It was verified that the colonization of cotton plants and crop productivity was variable and not associated with concentration. Finally, further studies are needed to determine the plant growth promoting ability of Bacillus and Aspergillus in other crops and their impact on productivity and environment.
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Palavras-chave
Bacillus subtilis, Fungos endofíticos, Agricultura, Sustentabilidade, Microorganism, Endophytic Fungi, Agriculture, Sustainability, Microorganismos do solo