Estudo geoquímico das águas do Complexo Termal de Caldas Novas (GO), Brasil
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Data
2022-01-27
Autores
Lunardi, Marina [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O circuito das águas quentes no sudeste de Goiás está entre os destinos turísticos mais procurados do Brasil. As cidades de Caldas Novas e Rio Quente reúnem o maior complexo de águas termais do planeta sem vínculo com magmatismo. Mesmo tendo sido descobertas ainda no século XVIII, as águas deste complexo nunca tiveram estudos químicos direcionados para o campo da radioatividade. Nessas circunstâncias, abre-se um espaço muito grande para estudos de isótopos instáveis que possam revelar padrões sobre essas águas. Esta tese tem como objetivo compreender os processos que levaram à composição atual das águas do Complexo Termal de Caldas Novas através de análises químicas e radioativas, dada a importância da associação entre estudos geoquímicos e isotópicos para compreender as variáveis envolvidas no ciclo hidrológico. A elaboração deste estudo contou com revisões bibliográficas sobre o tema abordado e atividades de campo para coletar amostras de água e rochas. As amostras de água foram submetidas a análises de radônio, urânio, elementos traço, elementos químicos principais e parâmetros físico-químicos. As amostras de rocha foram descritas microscopicamente e foram a análises de Espectrometria de Fluorescência de Raios-X e Difração de Raios-X. Essas investigações são importantes pois certos isótopos acompanham a água no ciclo hidrológico desde o momento de sua precipitação até a chegada nos aquíferos. Assim, como as águas subterrâneas preservam as características isotópicas das águas de recarga, alguns dos resultados esperados incluem a identificação de mecanismos de fluxo, interações com águas superficiais, origens de certos compostos químicos e evolução geoquímica. Devemos levar em consideração que as atividades turísticas na região do Complexo Termal de Caldas Novas possuem grande importância histórica e são, até hoje, responsáveis por boa parte da arrecadação de impostos e da manutenção de empregos em seus municípios. Portanto, é de interesse geral a realização de estudos que permitam conhecer mais sobre estes aquíferos termais, não só para prolongar a vida útil da economia local, mas para protegê-los.
Hot springs parks in southeast Goiás (Midwest Brazil) are one of the most popular Brazilian destinations. Caldas Novas and Rio Quente cities hold the largest geothermal water complex on the planet unlinked to magmatism. Even though they were discovered in the 18th century, waters from this complex never had been tested for radioactivity. Under these circumstances, there is a vast study field regarding unstable isotopes and patterns revealed in waters from this data. Aiming to understand which processes led to the current water composition on Caldas Novas Thermal Complex, this thesis will walk through chemical and radioactive analysis to comprehend which variables take part in the hydrological cycle, given the crucial association between geochemical and isotopic studies. Water samples were tested for radon, uranium, trace elements, major and minor elements and physicochemical properties. Rock samples went through petrographic analysis, not to mention X-Ray Fluorescence and X-Ray Diffraction Spectrometry. Those investigations are decisive because a few isotopes come along with the water throughout the whole hydrological cycle, from the very moment pouring raindrops permeate the soil until they arrive in the aquifers. Since groundwater preserves their isotopic characteristics from recharge waters, their results are expected to include the identification of flow mechanisms, interactions with surface waters, chemical compounds origins, and groundwater chemical evolution. Touristic activities in Caldas Novas Thermal Complex have huge historical importance and are, until today, responsible for a major part of tax collection and employment in both cities. Therefore, it is of general interest to carry out studies capable of telling us more about these thermal springs, not only to prolong the useful life of the local economy but most importantly to protect them.
Hot springs parks in southeast Goiás (Midwest Brazil) are one of the most popular Brazilian destinations. Caldas Novas and Rio Quente cities hold the largest geothermal water complex on the planet unlinked to magmatism. Even though they were discovered in the 18th century, waters from this complex never had been tested for radioactivity. Under these circumstances, there is a vast study field regarding unstable isotopes and patterns revealed in waters from this data. Aiming to understand which processes led to the current water composition on Caldas Novas Thermal Complex, this thesis will walk through chemical and radioactive analysis to comprehend which variables take part in the hydrological cycle, given the crucial association between geochemical and isotopic studies. Water samples were tested for radon, uranium, trace elements, major and minor elements and physicochemical properties. Rock samples went through petrographic analysis, not to mention X-Ray Fluorescence and X-Ray Diffraction Spectrometry. Those investigations are decisive because a few isotopes come along with the water throughout the whole hydrological cycle, from the very moment pouring raindrops permeate the soil until they arrive in the aquifers. Since groundwater preserves their isotopic characteristics from recharge waters, their results are expected to include the identification of flow mechanisms, interactions with surface waters, chemical compounds origins, and groundwater chemical evolution. Touristic activities in Caldas Novas Thermal Complex have huge historical importance and are, until today, responsible for a major part of tax collection and employment in both cities. Therefore, it is of general interest to carry out studies capable of telling us more about these thermal springs, not only to prolong the useful life of the local economy but most importantly to protect them.
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Palavras-chave
Geoquímica, Hidrogeologia, Águas Quentes, Aquíferos, Radioatividade, Radônio, Urânio, Geochemistry, Hydrogeology, Hot Springs, Aquifers, Radioactivity