Desempenho fisiológico, aspectos produtivos, fatores nutricionais e antinutricionais de cultivares de soja-hortaliça e convencional
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Data
2022-02-23
Autores
Ribera, Laura Matos
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A soja-hortaliça (Glycine max (L.) Merril) embora pouco conhecida é uma cultura com grande potencial de produção e de consumo no Brasil. Desta forma, o objetivo do estudo foi fornecer dados comparativos de cultivares de soja a partir das respostas fisiológicas, produtivas e de fatores nutricionais e antinutricionais de grãos para categorizá-las como hortaliça. O trabalho foi dividido em dois capítulos, no primeiro capítulo avaliou-se a partir das cultivares de soja-hortaliça (BRS 267), cultivar de duplo propósito (BRSMG 790A) e cultivar convencional (58HO124 EP RR) a resposta fisiológica e as principais características agronômicas destas cultivares, para produção como hortaliça, cultivadas em sistema orgânico. Avaliou-se as seguintes características: taxa de assimilação de CO2, condutância estomática, concentração de carbono interno, transpiração, eficiência no uso da água e de carboxilação. Para a resposta das cultivares em relação à luz foram mensurados o ponto de saturação de luz, ponto de compensação luminosa e respiração no escuro. Para as características agronômicas foram avaliadas à altura de inserção da primeira vagem, altura de plantas, número de vagens por planta e produção de grãos imaturos por plantas. A distribuição de fotoassimilados variou conforme a cultivar. As cultivares BRS 267 e BRSMG 790A destacaram-se quanto altura de inserção da primeira vagem, já a cultivar BRS 267 destacou-se quanto altura de plantas e a cultivar 58HO124 EP RR destacou-se quanto ao número de vagens por planta. A cultivar BRSMG 790A apresenta capacidade de converter o assimilado em massa de grãos destacando-se para produção de edamame. No capítulo 2 estudou-se os compostos bioativos e fatores antinutricionais, bem como as similaridades e diferenças entre cultivares de soja, para prospecção de potenciais cultivares para utilização como hortaliça. As coletas das vagens foram provenientes de duas localidades. A primeira coleta foi realizada na FCA/UNESP em Botucatu-SP, das cultivares BRS 267, BRSMG 790A e da 58HO124 EP RR, e a segunda coleta na fazenda Santa Fé Agropecuária em Pardinho-SP com as sojas convencionais P96Y90 e TMG 7067 IPRO. Para tanto, foram quantificados os compostos fenólicos totais, flavonoides, atividade antioxidante, oxalatos, taninos, nitratos e alcaloides, sendo também, determinado o teor de proteína das amostras. Verificou-se então, em todas as cultivares amostradas, diferentes proporções destes compostos, exceto os alcaloides. A cultivar 58HO124 EP RR destacou-se quanto ao conteúdo de compostos fenólicos totais e atividade antioxidante, já a cultivar BRSMG 790A destacou-se quanto ao conteúdo de flavonoides. Os menores conteúdos de compostos antinutricionais foram apresentados pela cultivar P96Y90 para oxalato, pela cultivar 58HO124 EP RR para nitrato e pela cultivar BRS 267 para tanino. Todas as cultivares apresentaram conteúdo proteico. A partir destes resultados foi possível inferir que as sojas convencionais têm potencial de consumo como hortaliça, e que as cultivares próprias da categoria, possuem menos taninos e mais flavonoides quando comparada as cultivares convencionais, o que contribui e estimula seu consumo in natura.
The soybean vegetable (Glycine max (L.) Merril), although not that popular, is a crop with great potential for production and consumption in Brazil. Therefore, this study aims to provide comparative data of soybean cultivars from the physiological responses, productive and nutritional and antinutritional factors of grains to categorize them as vegetables. The work is divided into two chapters, in the first chapter the physiological response and the main agronomic characteristics of these cultivars were evaluated from the soybean-horticultural cultivars (BRS 267), dual-purpose cultivar (BRSMG 790A) and conventional cultivar (58HO124 EP RR), for production as a vegetable, cultivated in organic system. The following characteristics were evaluated: CO2 assimilation rate, stomatal conductance, internal carbon concentration, transpiration, water use efficiency and carboxylation efficiency. For the response of cultivars in relation to light, the light saturation point, light compensation point, and respiration in the dark were measured. For the agronomic characteristics, the insertion height of the first pod was evaluated, such as plant height, number of pods per plant and production of immature grains per plant. The distribution of photo-assimilates varied according to cultivar. The cultivars BRS 267 and BRSMG 790A stood out for the height of insertion of the first pod, while the cultivar BRS 267 stood out for plant height and the cultivar 58HO124 EP RR stood out for the number of pods per plant. The BRSMG 790A cultivar has the ability to convert the assimilate into grain mass, standing out for the production of edamame. Chapter 2 provided a study of the bioactive compounds and antinutritional factors, as well as the similarities and differences between soybean cultivars, to prospect potential cultivars for use as vegetables. The pods were collected from two locations. The first collection was performed at FCA/UNESP in Botucatu-SP, of the cultivars BRS 267, BRSMG 790A and 58HO124 EP RR, and the second collection was performed at Santa Fé Agropecuária farm in Pardinho-SP with the conventional soybeans P96Y90 and TMG 7067 IPRO. Therefore, total phenolic compounds, flavonoids, antioxidant activity, oxalates, tannins, nitrates and alkaloids were quantified, and the protein content of the samples was also determined. All the cultivars sampled had different proportions of these compounds, except for the alkaloids. The cultivar 58HO124 EP RR stood out regarding the content of total phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity, while the cultivar BRSMG 790A stood out regarding the content of flavonoids. The lowest contents of antinutritional compounds were presented by cultivar P96Y90 for oxalate, by cultivar 58HO124 EP RR for nitrate and by cultivar BRS 267 for tannin. All cultivars presented protein content. From these results it was possible to infer that conventional soybeans have potential for consumption as a vegetable, and that the cultivars of this category have less tannin and more flavonoids when compared to conventional cultivars, which contributes and encourages its consumption in natura.
The soybean vegetable (Glycine max (L.) Merril), although not that popular, is a crop with great potential for production and consumption in Brazil. Therefore, this study aims to provide comparative data of soybean cultivars from the physiological responses, productive and nutritional and antinutritional factors of grains to categorize them as vegetables. The work is divided into two chapters, in the first chapter the physiological response and the main agronomic characteristics of these cultivars were evaluated from the soybean-horticultural cultivars (BRS 267), dual-purpose cultivar (BRSMG 790A) and conventional cultivar (58HO124 EP RR), for production as a vegetable, cultivated in organic system. The following characteristics were evaluated: CO2 assimilation rate, stomatal conductance, internal carbon concentration, transpiration, water use efficiency and carboxylation efficiency. For the response of cultivars in relation to light, the light saturation point, light compensation point, and respiration in the dark were measured. For the agronomic characteristics, the insertion height of the first pod was evaluated, such as plant height, number of pods per plant and production of immature grains per plant. The distribution of photo-assimilates varied according to cultivar. The cultivars BRS 267 and BRSMG 790A stood out for the height of insertion of the first pod, while the cultivar BRS 267 stood out for plant height and the cultivar 58HO124 EP RR stood out for the number of pods per plant. The BRSMG 790A cultivar has the ability to convert the assimilate into grain mass, standing out for the production of edamame. Chapter 2 provided a study of the bioactive compounds and antinutritional factors, as well as the similarities and differences between soybean cultivars, to prospect potential cultivars for use as vegetables. The pods were collected from two locations. The first collection was performed at FCA/UNESP in Botucatu-SP, of the cultivars BRS 267, BRSMG 790A and 58HO124 EP RR, and the second collection was performed at Santa Fé Agropecuária farm in Pardinho-SP with the conventional soybeans P96Y90 and TMG 7067 IPRO. Therefore, total phenolic compounds, flavonoids, antioxidant activity, oxalates, tannins, nitrates and alkaloids were quantified, and the protein content of the samples was also determined. All the cultivars sampled had different proportions of these compounds, except for the alkaloids. The cultivar 58HO124 EP RR stood out regarding the content of total phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity, while the cultivar BRSMG 790A stood out regarding the content of flavonoids. The lowest contents of antinutritional compounds were presented by cultivar P96Y90 for oxalate, by cultivar 58HO124 EP RR for nitrate and by cultivar BRS 267 for tannin. All cultivars presented protein content. From these results it was possible to infer that conventional soybeans have potential for consumption as a vegetable, and that the cultivars of this category have less tannin and more flavonoids when compared to conventional cultivars, which contributes and encourages its consumption in natura.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Glycine max (L.) Merril, Soja verde, Produção orgânica, Fotossíntese, Desempenho produtivo, Análise fitoquímica, Green soybean, Organic production, Photosynthesis, Production performance, Phytochemical analysis