Motivações para escolhas alimentares de indivíduos diabéticos tipo 2 usuários da atenção básica de saúde. Estudo quantitativo
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2022-02-24
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
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Introdução: Entender as motivações para as escolhas alimentares de indivíduos diabéticos tipo 2 pode ser importante para traçar condutas nutricionais mais efetivas para o controle da doença. Objetivo: Avaliar as principais motivações para as escolhas alimentares de indivíduos diabéticos tipo 2. Métodos: Estudo quantitativo realizado com 84 indivíduos diabéticos tipo 2, de ambos os sexos, usuários da atenção básica de saúde de um município do interior paulista. Foi aplicado presencialmente, pela própria pesquisadora, um questionário para caracterização da população, a escala de avaliação das motivações para escolhas alimentares “The Eating Motivation Survey – TEMS” versão reduzida validada para o Brasil, assim como aferido o peso e a altura para avaliação do estado nutricional. Resultados: A maioria da população estudada era do sexo feminino (81,0%), branca (53,2%), casada ou convivendo com companheiro/a (70,2%), com ensino fundamental incompleto ou menos (61,9%), renda familiar variando entre 2 e 5 salários mínimos (69,1%), desempenhava atividade não remunerada (72,6%) e possuía entre 3 e 5 filhos (54,8%). Metade era constituída por idosas, com IMC médio de 33,11kg/m², caracterizando-as com excesso de peso. As motivações para as escolhas alimentares dos indivíduos foram representadas pelos domínios Hábitos (HB), Saúde (SD), Preferência (PF), Questões Naturais (QN) e Necessidade e Fome (NF). Enquanto os domínios Imagem Social (IS), Atração Visual (AV), Controle de Emoções (CE), Prazer (PZ), Normas Sociais (NS) e Alimentação Tradicional (AT) pouco influenciaram as escolhas alimentares deste grupo. As comparações entre os domínios do instrumento com os dados sociodemográficos, clínicos e de estilo de vida mostraram associações positivas entre Controle de Emoções (CE) e as variáveis sexo e prática de atividade física, Alimentação Tradicional(AT) e o estado nutricional, Hábitos (HB) com idade e presença de hipertensão arterial sistêmica, Necessidade e Fome (NF) com idade e onde realiza as refeições, Questões Naturais (QN) e idade, Saúde (SD) com idade e onde realiza as refeições, Socialização (SC) com renda e consumo de bebida alcoólica, Atração Visual (AV) e número de filhos, Normas Sociais (NS) e Conveniência (CV) com tempo de diagnóstico Conclusão: As motivações para escolhas alimentares dos indivíduos do presente estudo foram relacionadas com questões ligadas a hábitos de vida, saúde e necessidades fisiológicas mas não para o controle de peso.
Understanding the motivations for food choices of type 2 diabetic individuals can be important to trace more effective nutritional conducts for the control of the disease. Objective: Evaluating the main motivations for food choices of type 2 diabetic individuals. Methods: Quantitative study conducted with 84 type 2 diabetic individuals of both sexes, users of primary health care in a city in the interior of São Paulo. A questionnaire for characterization of the population, a scale for assessment of motivations for food choices, "The Eating Motivation Survey - TEMS" reduced version validated for Brazil, also measuring of weight and height for assessment of nutritional status., were applied presencially by the researcher herself. Results: Most of the studied population was female (81.0%), white (53.2%), married or living with a partner (70.2%), with incomplete elementary education or less (61.9%), family income ranging between 2 and 5 minimum wages (69.1%), performed unpaid activity (72.6%) and had between 3 and 5 children (54.8%). Half were elderly women, with a mean BMI of 33.11 kg/m², characterizing them as overweight. The motivations for food choices of individuals were represented by the Habitats (HB), Health (SD), Preference (FP), Natural Issues (QN) and Need and Hunger (NF) domains. While the Social Image (SI), Visual Attraction (VA), Emotion Control (EC), Pleasure (PZ), Social Norms (NS), and Traditional Eating (TA) domains had little influence on the food choices of this group. Comparisons between the domains of the instrument with sociodemographic, clinical and lifestyle data showed positive associations between Emotion Control (EC) and the variables gender and practice of physical activity, Traditional Food (TA) and nutritional status, Habits (HB) with age and presence of hypertension, Need and Hunger (NF) with age and where they have their meals, Natural Issues (QN) and age, Health (SD) with age and where they have their meals, Socialization (SC) with income and alcohol consumption, Visual Attraction (VA) and number of children, Social Norms (NS) and Convenience (CV) with time of diagnosis. Conclusion: The motivations for food choices of individuals in the present study were related as lifestyle habits, health and physiological needs but not for weight control.
Understanding the motivations for food choices of type 2 diabetic individuals can be important to trace more effective nutritional conducts for the control of the disease. Objective: Evaluating the main motivations for food choices of type 2 diabetic individuals. Methods: Quantitative study conducted with 84 type 2 diabetic individuals of both sexes, users of primary health care in a city in the interior of São Paulo. A questionnaire for characterization of the population, a scale for assessment of motivations for food choices, "The Eating Motivation Survey - TEMS" reduced version validated for Brazil, also measuring of weight and height for assessment of nutritional status., were applied presencially by the researcher herself. Results: Most of the studied population was female (81.0%), white (53.2%), married or living with a partner (70.2%), with incomplete elementary education or less (61.9%), family income ranging between 2 and 5 minimum wages (69.1%), performed unpaid activity (72.6%) and had between 3 and 5 children (54.8%). Half were elderly women, with a mean BMI of 33.11 kg/m², characterizing them as overweight. The motivations for food choices of individuals were represented by the Habitats (HB), Health (SD), Preference (FP), Natural Issues (QN) and Need and Hunger (NF) domains. While the Social Image (SI), Visual Attraction (VA), Emotion Control (EC), Pleasure (PZ), Social Norms (NS), and Traditional Eating (TA) domains had little influence on the food choices of this group. Comparisons between the domains of the instrument with sociodemographic, clinical and lifestyle data showed positive associations between Emotion Control (EC) and the variables gender and practice of physical activity, Traditional Food (TA) and nutritional status, Habits (HB) with age and presence of hypertension, Need and Hunger (NF) with age and where they have their meals, Natural Issues (QN) and age, Health (SD) with age and where they have their meals, Socialization (SC) with income and alcohol consumption, Visual Attraction (VA) and number of children, Social Norms (NS) and Convenience (CV) with time of diagnosis. Conclusion: The motivations for food choices of individuals in the present study were related as lifestyle habits, health and physiological needs but not for weight control.
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Diabetes Mellitus tipo2, Comportamento Alimentar, Atenção Básica de Saúde, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Eating behavior, Primary health care