A Política de Assistência Social e o impacto do desfinanciamento pós Emenda Constitucional nº 95/2016
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Data
2022-02-22
Autores
Guimarães, Gabriela Fernandes
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A pesquisa apresenta os impactos da diminuição de recursos públicos destinados à execução da Política de Assistência Social, com ênfase na Proteção Social Básica. Com a aprovação da Emenda Constitucional nº 95/2016, entrou em vigor o chamado Novo Regime Fiscal, normativa que limita os reajustes orçamentários destinados ao orçamento fiscal e ao orçamento da seguridade social. Tendo como premissa que a ideologia neoliberal tem grande influência nos desdobramentos atuais de limitação do orçamento público e contínuo desmonte dos serviços públicos, iniciamos a pesquisa apresentando a gênese teórica do neoliberalismo e como se deu a aplicação desses preceitos na política brasileira nos anos seguintes à promulgação da Constituição de 1988. Em seguida, é apresentada a análise da trajetória histórica da Política de Assistência Social em sua protoforma anterior à Constituição de 1988, pontuando os desafios para a instituição dessa política pública e determinantes históricos que marcaram seu desenvolvimento até os dias atuais. Por fim, analisaremos alguns pontos políticos e econômicos que antecederam a aprovação da EC nº 95/2016 e a intensificação da disputa pelo fundo público pelo mercado. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de abordagem crítico-dialética, fazendo uso da análise de determinantes que culminaram e caracterizaram o tema de estudo. Foi realizada uma pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, desenvolvida através de uma abordagem qualitativa, fazendo uso de documentos de fontes primárias e secundárias e visou a análise dos dados considerando o cenário de desvalorização e desmonte dos serviços da Política de Assistência Social. Com essa pesquisa, foi possível confirmar o impacto negativo da EC 95/2016 na execução dos serviços e benefícios da Política de Assistência Social, tendo em vista que os recursos direcionados para essa finalidade tiveram reajustes insuficientes frente às alterações da proposta de serviços e benefícios e do aumento da demanda por atendimentos diante do agravamento da desigualdade social no Brasil.
The paper presents the impacts of the reduction in public resources destined to the execution of the Social Assistance Policy, with emphasis on Basic Social Protection. With the approval of Constitutional Amendment No. 95/2016, the so-called New Tax Regime came into force, a regulation that limits budget adjustments intended for the fiscal budget and the social security budget. Based on the premise that neoliberal ideology has a great influence on the current increase of limiting the public budget and the continuous dismantling of public services, we began the research by presenting the theoretical genesis of neoliberalism and how these precepts were applied in Brazilian politics in the years following the enactment of the 1988 Constitution. Then, the analysis of the historical trajectory of the Social Assistance Policy in its protoform prior to the 1988 Constitution is presented, pointing out the challenges for the institution of this public policy and historical determinants that have marked its development until the present day.Finally, we will analyze some political and economic points that preceded the approval of Constitutional Amendment number nº 95/2016 and the intensification of the dispute for the public fund by the market. A critical-dialectical approach was used for this research, making use of the analysis of determinants that culminated and characterized the subject of study. A bibliographic and documentary research was carried out, developed through a qualitative approach, using documents from primary and secondary sources and aimed at analyzing the data considering the scenario of devaluation and dismantling of the services of the Social Assistance Policy. With this research, it was possible to confirm the negative impact of the Constitutional Amendment number 95/2016 on the execution of the services and benefits of the Social Assistance Policy, given that the resources directed to this purpose had insufficient readjustments in the face of changes in the proposal for services and benefits and of the increased demand for care given the worsening of social inequality in Brazil.
The paper presents the impacts of the reduction in public resources destined to the execution of the Social Assistance Policy, with emphasis on Basic Social Protection. With the approval of Constitutional Amendment No. 95/2016, the so-called New Tax Regime came into force, a regulation that limits budget adjustments intended for the fiscal budget and the social security budget. Based on the premise that neoliberal ideology has a great influence on the current increase of limiting the public budget and the continuous dismantling of public services, we began the research by presenting the theoretical genesis of neoliberalism and how these precepts were applied in Brazilian politics in the years following the enactment of the 1988 Constitution. Then, the analysis of the historical trajectory of the Social Assistance Policy in its protoform prior to the 1988 Constitution is presented, pointing out the challenges for the institution of this public policy and historical determinants that have marked its development until the present day.Finally, we will analyze some political and economic points that preceded the approval of Constitutional Amendment number nº 95/2016 and the intensification of the dispute for the public fund by the market. A critical-dialectical approach was used for this research, making use of the analysis of determinants that culminated and characterized the subject of study. A bibliographic and documentary research was carried out, developed through a qualitative approach, using documents from primary and secondary sources and aimed at analyzing the data considering the scenario of devaluation and dismantling of the services of the Social Assistance Policy. With this research, it was possible to confirm the negative impact of the Constitutional Amendment number 95/2016 on the execution of the services and benefits of the Social Assistance Policy, given that the resources directed to this purpose had insufficient readjustments in the face of changes in the proposal for services and benefits and of the increased demand for care given the worsening of social inequality in Brazil.
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Palavras-chave
Assistência Social, Orçamento Público, Ec 95/2016, Novo Regime Fiscal, Social Assistance, Public budget, Constitutional Amendment number 95/2016, New Tax Regime