Juventude criminalizada, projetos de vida e direitos humanos: o campo de possibilidades no contexto da socioeducação
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Data
2022-03-04
Autores
Bressan, Marina Scaramuzza
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Projetos de Vida são metas gerais que direcionam as pessoas ao longo de suas vidas e que vêm ganhando destaque nas políticas educacionais brasileiras, além de ser eixo orientador das execuções de medidas socioeducativas. A juventude representa uma etapa de desenvolvimento identitário e de profunda experimentação, de maneira que a discussão de Projetos de Vida toma especial relevância ao ser humano considerado jovem. Entender qual o cenário vivenciado pelas juventudes se faz necessário para entender a construção de seus Projetos de Vida, visto que eleger metas que tenham significado depende do campo de possibilidades dos sujeitos. No caso de jovens em situação de vulnerabilidade, como aqueles em contexto de criminalização, são ainda mais urgentes estas reflexões. Nesse sentido, o problema que orienta a investigação é: qual o diálogo possível entre o conceito de Projeto de Vida e a socioeducação? Os objetivos específicos do estudo são: (i) definir o conceito de Projeto de Vida, estabelecendo relações com o contexto das juventudes e da socioeducação; (ii) caracterizar Projeto de Vida como Direito Humano; (iii) identificar como se dá o uso do conceito de Projeto de Vida em documentos oficiais referentes à socioeducação. A abordagem do problema é qualitativa; tratando-se de uma pesquisa exploratória que visa tornar o problema explícito e contribuir para o aprofundamento do tema. Os procedimentos técnicos são: pesquisa bibliográfica e pesquisa documental. Por meio de levantamento de dissertações e teses, foram encontradas 19 pesquisas que relacionam o conceito de Projeto de Vida com juventudes e educação. O levantamento tem como parâmetro cronológico o período entre o ano de 2012, no qual se promulgou a Lei do Sistema Nacional de Atendimento Socioeducativo, e o ano de 2021. A fonte consultada é a Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações. Por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica, ainda, são desenvolvidos os conceitos de Projeto de Vida e de juventude; o reconhecimento do Projeto de Vida como Direito Humano; a contextualização do Sistema Nacional de Atendimento Socioeducativo; além da investigação da influência das medidas socioeducativas na identificação de Projetos de Vida. A análise de documentos compreende aqueles que adotam os Projetos de Vida como eixo orientador de medidas socioeducativas. Constatou-se que o conceito de Projeto de Vida já foi abordado como Direito Humano tanto em decisões da Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos, quanto do Supremo Tribunal Federal, inclusive em casos referentes a jovens sob responsabilização estatal. Juridicamente, portanto, admite-se que em um contexto de violação de direitos há graves prejuízos ao desenvolvimento humano, resultando em um Dano ao Projeto de Vida, que torna o indivíduo incapaz de se realizar existencialmente. Os dados analisados demonstram que, apesar da mudança de paradigmas frente aos Direitos de Crianças e Adolescentes, jovens no contexto da socioeducação vivenciam a falta de projeção de um porvir ou, ainda, a dificuldade em estruturar ações para alcançar um futuro desejado. A pesquisa traz luz à necessidade de garantir atenção integral a estes jovens, a fim de alargar seu campo de possibilidades e, consequentemente, possibilitar a construção de Projetos de Vida emancipadores.
Purposes are general goals that guide people throughout their lives and have been gaining prominence in Brazilian educational policies, besides being a guiding axis in the execution of socio-educational measures. Youth represents a stage of identity development and of deep experimentation, in a way that the discussion about purposes takes on special relevance to the human being considered young. Understanding the scenario experienced by young people is necessary to understand the construction of their purposes, since choosing meaningful goals depends on the field of possibilities of the subjects. In the case of young people in vulnerable situations, such as those in a context of criminalization, these reflections are even more urgent. This research aims to answer the following question: what is the possible dialog between the concept of Purpose and social-education? The specific objectives of the study are: (i) define the concept of Purpose, establishing relations with the context of youth and socioeducation; (ii) characterize Purpose as a Human Right; (iii) identify how the concept of Purpose is used in official documents referring to socioeducation. The approach to the problem is qualitative; it is an exploratory research that aims to make the problem explicit and to contribute to the deepening of the theme. The technical procedures are: bibliographic research and documental research. Through a survey of dissertations and theses, 19 research studies were found that relate the concept of Purpose to youth and education. The survey has as chronological parameter the period between the year 2012, when the Law of the National System of Socio-Educational Care was promulgated, and the year 2021. The source consulted is the Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations. Through bibliographical research, the following concepts are also developed: the concepts of Purpose and youth; the recognition of Purpose as a Human Right; the contextualization of the National System for Socio-Educational Care; and the investigation of the influence of socio-educational measures in the identification of Purpose. The analysis of documents includes those that adopt the Purpose as the guiding axis of the socio-educational measures. It was It was found that the concept of Purpose has already been addressed as a Human Right by decisions of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights and also by the Brazilian Supreme Court, including cases involving youth under state responsibility. Legally, therefore, it is admitted that in a context of rights violation there is serious damage to human development, resulting in damage to the Purpose, which renders the individual incapable of existential fulfillment. The data analyzed shows that, despite the change of paradigms regarding the Rights of Children and Adolescents, young people in the context of socio-education experience a lack of projection of a future, or even the difficulty in structuring actions to reach a desired future. The research brings light to the need to guarantee integral attention to these youngsters, in order to widen their field of possibilities and, consequently, enable the construction of emancipating Purposes.
Purposes are general goals that guide people throughout their lives and have been gaining prominence in Brazilian educational policies, besides being a guiding axis in the execution of socio-educational measures. Youth represents a stage of identity development and of deep experimentation, in a way that the discussion about purposes takes on special relevance to the human being considered young. Understanding the scenario experienced by young people is necessary to understand the construction of their purposes, since choosing meaningful goals depends on the field of possibilities of the subjects. In the case of young people in vulnerable situations, such as those in a context of criminalization, these reflections are even more urgent. This research aims to answer the following question: what is the possible dialog between the concept of Purpose and social-education? The specific objectives of the study are: (i) define the concept of Purpose, establishing relations with the context of youth and socioeducation; (ii) characterize Purpose as a Human Right; (iii) identify how the concept of Purpose is used in official documents referring to socioeducation. The approach to the problem is qualitative; it is an exploratory research that aims to make the problem explicit and to contribute to the deepening of the theme. The technical procedures are: bibliographic research and documental research. Through a survey of dissertations and theses, 19 research studies were found that relate the concept of Purpose to youth and education. The survey has as chronological parameter the period between the year 2012, when the Law of the National System of Socio-Educational Care was promulgated, and the year 2021. The source consulted is the Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations. Through bibliographical research, the following concepts are also developed: the concepts of Purpose and youth; the recognition of Purpose as a Human Right; the contextualization of the National System for Socio-Educational Care; and the investigation of the influence of socio-educational measures in the identification of Purpose. The analysis of documents includes those that adopt the Purpose as the guiding axis of the socio-educational measures. It was It was found that the concept of Purpose has already been addressed as a Human Right by decisions of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights and also by the Brazilian Supreme Court, including cases involving youth under state responsibility. Legally, therefore, it is admitted that in a context of rights violation there is serious damage to human development, resulting in damage to the Purpose, which renders the individual incapable of existential fulfillment. The data analyzed shows that, despite the change of paradigms regarding the Rights of Children and Adolescents, young people in the context of socio-education experience a lack of projection of a future, or even the difficulty in structuring actions to reach a desired future. The research brings light to the need to guarantee integral attention to these youngsters, in order to widen their field of possibilities and, consequently, enable the construction of emancipating Purposes.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Projetos de Vida, Socioeducação, Juventudes, Direitos Humanos, Escola, Purpose, Youth criminal system, Youth, Human Rights, Education