Composição, estrutura, diversidade e dinâmica de uma comunidade de lianas em um fragmento de cerradão no sudeste do Brasil
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Data
2022-03-16
Autores
Fernandes, Lívia Maysa do Amaral Lima
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
As lianas são plantas características das florestas tropicais e desempenham papéis importantes nas comunidades vegetais, atuando na dinâmica e regeneração florestal, assim como na manutenção da diversidade taxonômica. O monitoramento de comunidades de lianas em parcelas permanentes requer estudos de observação e experimentação. Nossos objetivos consistiram em avaliar as alterações ocorridas na composição, estrutura, diversidade e dinâmica de uma comunidade de lianas em um fragmento de cerradão protegido de distúrbios antrópicos há décadas. Desenvolvemos a pesquisa na Gleba II do Refúgio de Vida Silvestre Aimorés, pertencente ao Mosaico de Unidades de Conservação do Cerrado Paulista, na região centro - oeste do estado de São Paulo, no sudeste do Brasil. Realizamos o levantamento em 50 parcelas permanentes de 10 m x 10 m , totalizando 0,5 ha. Utilizamos como critério de inclusão, todos os indivíduos de lianas com diâmetro do caule à altura do solo (DAS) ≥1 cm. O primeiro levantamento na área de estudo foi realizado de agosto de 2002 a novembro de 2006, compondo um banco de dados que utilizamos para comparar com o segundo levantamento, que realizamos de setembro de 2020 a julho de 2021. Constatamos que houve mudanças na comunidade de lianas após 15 anos. No primeiro levantamento, amostramos 550 indivíduos e no segundo levantamento, 870 indivíduos, indicando um aumento na abundância de lianas na comunidade. Embora três espécies tenham sido incluídas no segundo levantamento, Anemopaegma chamberlanii, Stizophyllum perforatum e Anchietea pyrifolia, dez espécies não foram incluídas no segundo levantamento, indicando uma redução na diversidade de espécies da comunidade de lianas. Constatamos que Bignoniaceae, Apocynaceae e Malpighiaceae foram as famílias que apresentaram maior riqueza específica. Na análise fitossociológica, verificamos que duas espécies, Banisteriopsis anisandra e Serjania lethalis, as mais importantes no primeiro levantamento foram as mesmas no segundo levantamento, e que junto com Forsteronia glabrescens constituem as espécies mais abundantes na comunidade, i.e., a s espécies - núcleo. Observamos o predomínio de lianas de menor diâmetro e uma dinâmica florestal lenta, quando analisamos as taxas de dinâmica, indicando uma comunidade instável.
Lianas are typical plants of tropical forests and play important roles in plant communities, acting in forest dynamics and regeneration, as well as in maintaining taxonomic diversity. Monitoring liana communities in permanent plots requires observational and experimental studies. Our aims were to evaluate the changes that occurred in the composition, structure, diversity, and dynamics of a liana community in a woodland savanna fragment protected from anthropic disturbance for decades. We led the research in Gleba II of the Aimorés Wildlife Refuge, part of the Mosaic of Conservation Units of Cerrado Paulista , in the central - west region of the state of São Paulo, in southeastern Brazil. We carried out the survey in 50 permanent plots of 10 m x 10 m, totaling 0.5 ha. We used as inclusion criteria, all individuals of lianas with stem diameter at ground height (DGH ≥ 1cm ) . The first survey in the study area was carried out from August 2002 to November 2006, comprising a database that we used to compare with the second survey, which we carried out from September 2020 to July 2021. We found that there were changes in the liana community after 15 years. In the first survey, we sampled 550 individuals and in the second survey, 870 individuals, indicating an increase in liana abundance in the community. Although three species were included in the second survey, Anemopaegma chamberlanii, Stizophyllum perforatum and Anchietea pyrifolia, ten species were not included in the second survey, indicating a species diversity reduction in the liana community. We found that Bignoniaceae, Apocynaceae and Malpighiaceae were the families with the greatest specific richness. In the phytosociological analysis, we verified that two species, Banisteriopsis anisandra and Serjania lethalis, the most important in the first survey , were the same in the second survey, and that they together with Forsteronia glabrescens constitute the most abundant species in the community, that is, the core species. We observed the predominance of lianas with smaller stem diameter and a slow forest dynamic, when we analyzed the dynamics rates, indica ting an unstable community.
Lianas are typical plants of tropical forests and play important roles in plant communities, acting in forest dynamics and regeneration, as well as in maintaining taxonomic diversity. Monitoring liana communities in permanent plots requires observational and experimental studies. Our aims were to evaluate the changes that occurred in the composition, structure, diversity, and dynamics of a liana community in a woodland savanna fragment protected from anthropic disturbance for decades. We led the research in Gleba II of the Aimorés Wildlife Refuge, part of the Mosaic of Conservation Units of Cerrado Paulista , in the central - west region of the state of São Paulo, in southeastern Brazil. We carried out the survey in 50 permanent plots of 10 m x 10 m, totaling 0.5 ha. We used as inclusion criteria, all individuals of lianas with stem diameter at ground height (DGH ≥ 1cm ) . The first survey in the study area was carried out from August 2002 to November 2006, comprising a database that we used to compare with the second survey, which we carried out from September 2020 to July 2021. We found that there were changes in the liana community after 15 years. In the first survey, we sampled 550 individuals and in the second survey, 870 individuals, indicating an increase in liana abundance in the community. Although three species were included in the second survey, Anemopaegma chamberlanii, Stizophyllum perforatum and Anchietea pyrifolia, ten species were not included in the second survey, indicating a species diversity reduction in the liana community. We found that Bignoniaceae, Apocynaceae and Malpighiaceae were the families with the greatest specific richness. In the phytosociological analysis, we verified that two species, Banisteriopsis anisandra and Serjania lethalis, the most important in the first survey , were the same in the second survey, and that they together with Forsteronia glabrescens constitute the most abundant species in the community, that is, the core species. We observed the predominance of lianas with smaller stem diameter and a slow forest dynamic, when we analyzed the dynamics rates, indica ting an unstable community.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Biodiversidade, Liana (Planta), Lianas lenhosas, Florística, Comunidades vegetais, Biodiversity, Woody climbing plant, Floristic, Phytosociology, Plant community dynamics