Espectro de gotas e índice de deriva de diferentes pontas com indução de ar na pulverização de associações de dicamba com glyphosate
Carregando...
Data
2020-02-18
Autores
Moreira, Raquel Berna
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Uma grande preocupação associada à introdução de culturas tolerantes a herbicidas auxínicos é o aumento do potencial de deriva durante o processo de pulverização destes herbicidas O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o risco de deriva na aplicação de caldas contendo a mistura de glyphosate sal potássico e dicamba sal diglicolamina (formulações incluindo ou não a tecnologia modificadora de pH denominada Vapor Grip®), considerando a interação com diferentes pontas com indução a ar. Foram delineados oito ensaios, quatro em esquema fatorial 5 x 2 e quatro foram delineados em esquema fatorial 4 x 2 (pontas de pulverização e caldas). O teste de Tukey ao nível de 5% de probabilidade foi utilizado para comparação de médias, quando apropriado. Os oito ensaios corresponderam a combinação de duas concentrações dos produtos na calda equivalente a diluição dos herbicidas para 50 e 100 L ha-1, dois tamanhos de orifícios das pontas ("ISO 02" e "ISO 04") e duas pressões (300 e 600 kPa). As pontas utilizadas foram modelos com indução a ar: TTI, AITTJ, AI e AIXR (TeeJet) e ULD (Hypro). As formulações de dicamba avaliadas foram o dicamba de sal diglicolamina (Bayer, Dicamax 480 g ae L-1) e o dicamba de sal diglicolamina incluindo o redutor de volatilidade VaporGrip® (Bayer, XtendiMax com VaporGrip Technology, 350 g ae L-1). Junto às formulações de dicamba foi adicionado em mistura o glyphosate de sal de potássio (Bayer, Roundup Transorb R 588 g ae L-1). O espectro de gotas foi avaliado em tempo real por meio da técnica de análise por imagem Particle/Droplet Image Analysis e um índice de deriva física (ID) foi estimado por meio de um túnel de vento. Houve interação significativa entre as pontas e as caldas em todos os ensaios para o parâmetro do percentual de gotas menores ou iguais a 150 µm (V150). O uso do V150 mostrou-se necessário como fator para analisar o desempenho de uma técnica de redução de deriva. A ponta de pulverização TTI ofereceu o melhor desempenho dentro do conceito de redução do risco de deriva, considerando todos os parâmetros avaliados. É necessário aprofundar o estudo comparativo entre as formulações para que sejam geradas mais evidências de desempenho.
A major concern associated with the introduction of crops tolerant to auxinic herbicides is the increased potential for drift during the spraying process of these herbicides. The objective of this work was to determine the risk of drift in the application of spray solutions containing a mixture of glyphosate potassium salt and dicamba salt diglycolamine (formulations including or not the pH modifying technology called Vapor Grip®), considering an interaction with different air-induction nozzle. Eight trials were designed, four in a 5 x 2 factorial scheme (spray nozzles and spray solutions) and four were designed in a 4 x 2 factorial scheme (spray nozzles and spray solutions). The Tukey test was performed to compare the averages, when appropriate. The eight tests corresponded to the combination of two concentrations of the products in the spray solution equivalent to the dilution of herbicides for 50 and 100 L haˉ¹, two different nozzle orifice diameter ("ISO 02" and "ISO 04") and two pressures (300 and 600 kPa). The nozzles used were models with air induction: TTI, AITTJ, AI and AIXR (TeeJet) and ULD (Hypro). The dicamba formulations evaluated were the diglycolamine salt dicamba (Bayer, Dicamax 480 g ae Lˉ¹) and the diglycolamine salt dicamba including the VaporGrip® volatility reducer (Bayer, XtendiMax with VaporGrip Technology, 350 g ae Lˉ¹). The dicamba formulations was added to the mixeture with potassium salt glyphosate (Bayer, Roundup Transorb R 588 g ae Lˉ¹). The droplet spectrum was evaluated in real time using the image analysis technique Particle/Droplet Image Analysis and a physical drift index (ID) was estimated using a wind tunnel. Constant occurrence between the nozzle and the spray liquids in all tests for the parameter of the percentage of droplets smaller than 150 µm (V150). The use of V150 proved to be necessary as a factor to analyze the performance of a drift reduction technique. The TTI spray nozzle offers the best performance within the concept of reducing the risk of drift, considering all adopted parameters. It is necessary to deepen the comparative study between the formulations so that more evidence of performance is generated.
A major concern associated with the introduction of crops tolerant to auxinic herbicides is the increased potential for drift during the spraying process of these herbicides. The objective of this work was to determine the risk of drift in the application of spray solutions containing a mixture of glyphosate potassium salt and dicamba salt diglycolamine (formulations including or not the pH modifying technology called Vapor Grip®), considering an interaction with different air-induction nozzle. Eight trials were designed, four in a 5 x 2 factorial scheme (spray nozzles and spray solutions) and four were designed in a 4 x 2 factorial scheme (spray nozzles and spray solutions). The Tukey test was performed to compare the averages, when appropriate. The eight tests corresponded to the combination of two concentrations of the products in the spray solution equivalent to the dilution of herbicides for 50 and 100 L haˉ¹, two different nozzle orifice diameter ("ISO 02" and "ISO 04") and two pressures (300 and 600 kPa). The nozzles used were models with air induction: TTI, AITTJ, AI and AIXR (TeeJet) and ULD (Hypro). The dicamba formulations evaluated were the diglycolamine salt dicamba (Bayer, Dicamax 480 g ae Lˉ¹) and the diglycolamine salt dicamba including the VaporGrip® volatility reducer (Bayer, XtendiMax with VaporGrip Technology, 350 g ae Lˉ¹). The dicamba formulations was added to the mixeture with potassium salt glyphosate (Bayer, Roundup Transorb R 588 g ae Lˉ¹). The droplet spectrum was evaluated in real time using the image analysis technique Particle/Droplet Image Analysis and a physical drift index (ID) was estimated using a wind tunnel. Constant occurrence between the nozzle and the spray liquids in all tests for the parameter of the percentage of droplets smaller than 150 µm (V150). The use of V150 proved to be necessary as a factor to analyze the performance of a drift reduction technique. The TTI spray nozzle offers the best performance within the concept of reducing the risk of drift, considering all adopted parameters. It is necessary to deepen the comparative study between the formulations so that more evidence of performance is generated.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Herbicidas, Plantas daninhas, Formulações, Tecnologia de aplicação, Pontas de pulverização, Herbicides, Weeds, Formulations, Application technology, Spray tips