Influência do sistema de cultivo na composição e estrutura da microbiota rizosférica de cana-de-açúcar
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Data
2022-05-06
Autores
Moneda, Ana Paula Corrêa
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A cultura da cana de açúcar (Saccharum spp.) envolve atividades agrícolas e industriais de extrema importância para a obtenção de produtos e subprodutos que movimentam fortemente a economia e possuem impactos no meio ambiente. Na agricultura convencional é comum a aplicação de fertilizantes, pesticidas e demais produtos agroquímicos de origem sintética, além de uma intensiva exploração dos recursos naturais, como o solo. Uma prática alternativa, o cultivo orgânico visa maior sustentabilidade e equilíbrio das relações ecológicas aliado a conservação ambiental. Poucos estudos avaliaram o impacto desses dois sistemas contrastantes de manejo na composição e estrutura da microbiota rizosférica. Neste trabalho, utilizamos o sequenciamento em larga-escala dos genes 16S rRNA (V3 e V4) e o Espaçador Interno Transcrito (ITS2) oriundos de amostras coletadas da rizosfera de plantas de cana-de-açúcar cultivadas em condições de campo para a identificação de procariotos e fungos, respectivamente. Os filos mais comuns encontrados foram Proteobacteria e Ascomycota. Ao todo, obtivemos 14 táxons bacterianos e 60 táxons fúngicos diferencialmente abundantes e a presença de grupos taxonômicos essenciais, promotores de crescimento de plantas. Nas redes de coocorrência, táxons chaves sugestivamente alteram a estrutura das comunidades microbianas. Na predição funcional, se destacam vias metabólicas envolvidas em processos estruturais e biológicos dos microbiomas. Nossos resultados, evidenciam que o tipo de manejo empregado determina de forma sútil a composição, diversidade e estrutura dessa microbiota.
The cultivation of sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) involves agricultural and industrial activities of extreme importance to obtain products and by-products that strongly move the economy and have impacts on the environment. In conventional agriculture, it is common to apply fertilizers, pesticides and other agrochemicals of synthetic origin, in addition to intensive exploitation of natural resources, such as soil. An alternative practice, organic cultivation aims at greater sustainability and balance of ecological relationships combined with environmental conservation. Few studies have evaluated the impact of these two contrasting management systems on the composition and structure of the rhizospheric microbiota. In this work, we used the large-scale sequencing of the 16S rRNA genes (V3 and V4) and the Internal Transcript Spacer (ITS2) from samples collected from the rhizosphere of sugarcane plants grown under field conditions to identify prokaryotes and fungi, respectively. The most common phyla found were Proteobacteria and Ascomycota. Altogether, we obtained 14 bacterial taxa and 60 differentially abundant fungal taxa and the presence of essential taxonomic groups that promote plant growth. In co-occurrence networks, key taxa suggestively alter the structure of microbial communities. In functional prediction, metabolic pathways involved in structural and biological processes of microbiomes stand out. Our results show that the type of management employed subtly determines the composition, diversity and structure of this microbiota.
The cultivation of sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) involves agricultural and industrial activities of extreme importance to obtain products and by-products that strongly move the economy and have impacts on the environment. In conventional agriculture, it is common to apply fertilizers, pesticides and other agrochemicals of synthetic origin, in addition to intensive exploitation of natural resources, such as soil. An alternative practice, organic cultivation aims at greater sustainability and balance of ecological relationships combined with environmental conservation. Few studies have evaluated the impact of these two contrasting management systems on the composition and structure of the rhizospheric microbiota. In this work, we used the large-scale sequencing of the 16S rRNA genes (V3 and V4) and the Internal Transcript Spacer (ITS2) from samples collected from the rhizosphere of sugarcane plants grown under field conditions to identify prokaryotes and fungi, respectively. The most common phyla found were Proteobacteria and Ascomycota. Altogether, we obtained 14 bacterial taxa and 60 differentially abundant fungal taxa and the presence of essential taxonomic groups that promote plant growth. In co-occurrence networks, key taxa suggestively alter the structure of microbial communities. In functional prediction, metabolic pathways involved in structural and biological processes of microbiomes stand out. Our results show that the type of management employed subtly determines the composition, diversity and structure of this microbiota.
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Palavras-chave
Cana-de-açúcar, Ecologia microbiana, Microbiota, Cultivos agrícolas