Produção de mudas de Bixa orellana L. em compostos de exauridos de cogumelos e substrato comercial
Arquivos
Data
2021-12-10
Autores
Donato, Roberto de Lima
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O urucum (Bixa orellana L.) é uma das culturas fonte corantes naturais mais utilizados no mundo e dela se extrai principalmente a bixina, carotenoide com grande potencial para substituir corantes de origem animal. A produção da B. orellana é onerosa devido a pouca tecnologia disponível para diversas fases de seu cultivo desde etapas como produção de mudas até a colheita, por esta razão grande parte da área plantada no Brasil está limitada a agricultura familiar e uma das etapas mais custosas é a produção de mudas, devido ao alto preço dos substratos encontrados no mercado justificando a busca por alternativas ao substrato comercial. A possível solução para este problema é a utilização de resíduos agroindustriais. Com a popularização do consumo de cogumelos no Brasil aumentou com o passar do tempo, através de hábitos alimentares trazidos pelos imigrantes europeus e asiáticos, consequentemente a geração de resíduos da produção cresce proporcionalmente. As características dos compostos exauridos da produção de cogumelos ou SMS (spent mushroom substrate) como são conhecidos são atraentes e podem ser empregados como substratos ou suplementos, oferecendo um destino nobre para o refugo. Este trabalho avaliou o efeito das diferentes combinações entre o composto exaurido de cogumelo shiitake, composto exaurido de cogumelo também do Sol® e do substrato comercial Carolina Soil ® como testemunha sobre o desempenho do urucum na fase de produção de mudas. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação na FCAT - Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Tecnológicas, localizada no município de Dracena - SP. Foi aplicado o modelo de delineamento inteiramente casualizado (DIC) para 13 tratamentos com 30 repetições cada, sendo os tratamentos: três combinações de SMS de A. subrufescens + testemunha; três combinações de SMS de L. edodes + testemunha; três combinações contendo SMS de A. subrufescens + SMS de L. edodes + testemunha; uma combinação entre o SMS de A. subrufescens + L. edodes e um tratamento individual para cada elemento das combinações. 70 dias após a semeadura foram avaliadas as variáveis altura, diâmetro do coleto, índice de robustez número de folhas. As variáveis altura, diâmetro do coleto e número de folhas foram prejudicadas pelos maiores volumes de compostos exauridos de A. subrufescens. As combinações entre substrato comercial e compostos exauridos de L. edodes apresentaram significância e tem grande potencial para o uso como substrato, o possível motivo é a baixa salinidade comparada ao composto exaurido de A. subrufescens.
The annatto (Bixa orellana L.) is one of the most used natural dye source crops in the world and from it is extracted mainly the bixin, carotenoid with great potential to replace animal dyes. The production of B. orellana is costly due to little technology available for different stages of its cultivation, from stages such as seedling production to harvesting, for this reason much of the planted area in Brazil is limited to family farming and one of the most costly stages is the production of seedlings, due to the high price of substrates found in the market, justifying the search for alternatives to the commercial substrate. The possible solution to this problem is the use of agro-industrial residues. With the popularization of mushroom consumption in Brazil, it increased over time, through eating habits brought by European and Asian immigrants, consequently the generation of production residues grows proportionally. The characteristics of depleted compounds from mushroom production or SMS (spent mushroom substrate) as they are known are attractive and can be used as substrates or supplements, offering a noble destination for the refuse. This work evaluated the effect of different combinations between depleted shiitake mushroom compost, depleted mushroom compost also from Sol ® and the Carolina Soil ® commercial substrate as a control on the performance of annatto in the seedling production phase. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse at FCAT - Faculty of Agrarian and Technological Sciences, located in Dracena - SP. A completely randomized design (DIC) model was applied for 13 treatments with 30 repetitions each, being the treatments: three combinations of SMS of A. subrufescens + control; three combinations of L. edodes + control SMS; three combinations containing SMS from A. subrufescens + SMS from L. edodes + control; a combination between the SMS of A. subrufescens + L. edodes and an individual treatment for each element of the combinations. 70 days after sowing, the variables height, stem diameter, and leaf number robustness index were evaluated. The variables height, stem diameter and number of leaves were affected by higher volumes of depleted A. subrufescens compounds. The combinations between commercial substrate and depleted L. edodes compounds showed significance and has great potential for use as a substrate, the possible reason being the low salinity compared to depleted A. subrufescens compound.
The annatto (Bixa orellana L.) is one of the most used natural dye source crops in the world and from it is extracted mainly the bixin, carotenoid with great potential to replace animal dyes. The production of B. orellana is costly due to little technology available for different stages of its cultivation, from stages such as seedling production to harvesting, for this reason much of the planted area in Brazil is limited to family farming and one of the most costly stages is the production of seedlings, due to the high price of substrates found in the market, justifying the search for alternatives to the commercial substrate. The possible solution to this problem is the use of agro-industrial residues. With the popularization of mushroom consumption in Brazil, it increased over time, through eating habits brought by European and Asian immigrants, consequently the generation of production residues grows proportionally. The characteristics of depleted compounds from mushroom production or SMS (spent mushroom substrate) as they are known are attractive and can be used as substrates or supplements, offering a noble destination for the refuse. This work evaluated the effect of different combinations between depleted shiitake mushroom compost, depleted mushroom compost also from Sol ® and the Carolina Soil ® commercial substrate as a control on the performance of annatto in the seedling production phase. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse at FCAT - Faculty of Agrarian and Technological Sciences, located in Dracena - SP. A completely randomized design (DIC) model was applied for 13 treatments with 30 repetitions each, being the treatments: three combinations of SMS of A. subrufescens + control; three combinations of L. edodes + control SMS; three combinations containing SMS from A. subrufescens + SMS from L. edodes + control; a combination between the SMS of A. subrufescens + L. edodes and an individual treatment for each element of the combinations. 70 days after sowing, the variables height, stem diameter, and leaf number robustness index were evaluated. The variables height, stem diameter and number of leaves were affected by higher volumes of depleted A. subrufescens compounds. The combinations between commercial substrate and depleted L. edodes compounds showed significance and has great potential for use as a substrate, the possible reason being the low salinity compared to depleted A. subrufescens compound.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Urucum, Sustentabilidade, Produção de Mudas, Fungicultura, Annatto, Fungiculture, Seedling production, Sustainability