Desenvolvimento e validação em campo de um aplicativo para manejo da adubação mineral associada à irrigação com água residuária de efluente de estação de tratamento de esgoto doméstico
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Data
2022-03-31
Autores
Ventura, Kevim Muniz
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A horticultura representa uma parcela importante na economia brasileira, sendo comumente praticada por pequenos e médios produtores, e agricultores familiares. Amplamente utilizada na produção de hortícolas, a irrigação é uma ferramenta que garante níveis de produção elevados. Entretanto, nos últimos anos o país vem sendo acometido por secas severas, desta forma é de suma importância aprimorar as técnicas de irrigação para essa nova realidade. O uso de água residuária tratada aparece como uma alternativa à água limpa, além de possuir uma carga nutricional que pode ser benéfica para o cultivo. Porém, o uso e proveito desses nutrientes da água residuária não é realizado devido à dificuldade dos cálculos de adubação considerando o reuso de água. Desta forma, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi desenvolver e validar um aplicativo para dispositivo móvel capaz de realizar os cálculos de adubação considerando a carga nutricional presente na água residuária utilizada na irrigação de três espécies de hortaliças, em sistemas de produção com adubação orgânica e mineral, além de comparar o efeito da utilização de um efluente secundário da estação de tratamento de esgoto tratada com sistema de desinfecção solar como fonte de irrigação em dois sistemas de produção de hortaliças, com adubação mineral e orgânica. Para isso, foram utilizadas as culturas alface, rabanete e salsinha, em duas safras. A irrigação utilizada foi gotejamento, utilizando água de abastecimento e efluente secundário da estação de tratamento de esgoto da SABESP, tratada com o sistema de desinfecção solar (SODIS). Foram analisados parâmetros biométricos das culturas, produtividade e teores nutricionais. Para avaliar o aplicativo, foram utilizados cinco tratamentos de forma a possibilitar a comparação dos resultados. Os resultados encontrados mostraram que para as culturas estudadas, com as duas fontes de adubação, orgânica e mineral, o uso do aplicativo resultou em uma economia no uso de fertilizantes, produzindo hortaliças com parâmetros biométricos equivalentes ao tratamento controle utilizando água de abastecimento e realizando os cálculos de adubação de forma manual. O aplicativo ainda facilita a aplicação de fertilizantes pois o mesmo foi capaz de criar um calendário de aplicação, com a datas e quantidades de adubo a ser aplicado, facilitando o manejo do produtor.
Horticulture represents an important part of the Brazilian economy, is commonly practiced by small and medium producers and family farmers. Usually used in horticultural production, irrigation is a tool that guarantees high production levels. However, in recent years the country has been affected by severe droughts, so it is extremely important to improve irrigation techniques for this new reality. The use of treated wastewater appears as an alternative to clean water, in addition to having a nutritional load that can be beneficial to the crop. However, the use and benefit of these nutrients from wastewater is not carried out due to the difficulty of fertilizer calculations considering water reuse. Thus, the objective of this research was to develop and validate an application for mobile device capable of performing fertilizer calculations considering the nutritional load present in the wastewater used in the irrigation of three species of vegetables, in organic and conventional production systems, in addition, to compare the effect of using a secondary effluent from a sewage treatment plant treated with a solar disinfection system as an irrigation source in two vegetable production systems, conventional and organic. For this, lettuce, radish, and parsley were used, in two harvests at different times of the year. The irrigation used was drip irrigation, using water supply and secondary effluent from the SABESP sewage treatment plant, treated with the solar disinfection system (SODIS). Biometric parameters of crops, productivity, and nutritional contents were analyzed. To evaluate the application, five treatments were used to enable the comparison of results. The results found showed that for the crops studied, in organic and conventional production systems, the use of the application resulted in an economy in the use of fertilizers, producing vegetables with biometric parameters equivalent to the conventional treatment using clean water and performing the fertilizer fertilization calculations. manual way. The application also facilitates the application of fertilizers because it was able to create an application calendar, with the dates and quantities of fertilizer to be applied, facilitating the producer's management.
Horticulture represents an important part of the Brazilian economy, is commonly practiced by small and medium producers and family farmers. Usually used in horticultural production, irrigation is a tool that guarantees high production levels. However, in recent years the country has been affected by severe droughts, so it is extremely important to improve irrigation techniques for this new reality. The use of treated wastewater appears as an alternative to clean water, in addition to having a nutritional load that can be beneficial to the crop. However, the use and benefit of these nutrients from wastewater is not carried out due to the difficulty of fertilizer calculations considering water reuse. Thus, the objective of this research was to develop and validate an application for mobile device capable of performing fertilizer calculations considering the nutritional load present in the wastewater used in the irrigation of three species of vegetables, in organic and conventional production systems, in addition, to compare the effect of using a secondary effluent from a sewage treatment plant treated with a solar disinfection system as an irrigation source in two vegetable production systems, conventional and organic. For this, lettuce, radish, and parsley were used, in two harvests at different times of the year. The irrigation used was drip irrigation, using water supply and secondary effluent from the SABESP sewage treatment plant, treated with the solar disinfection system (SODIS). Biometric parameters of crops, productivity, and nutritional contents were analyzed. To evaluate the application, five treatments were used to enable the comparison of results. The results found showed that for the crops studied, in organic and conventional production systems, the use of the application resulted in an economy in the use of fertilizers, producing vegetables with biometric parameters equivalent to the conventional treatment using clean water and performing the fertilizer fertilization calculations. manual way. The application also facilitates the application of fertilizers because it was able to create an application calendar, with the dates and quantities of fertilizer to be applied, facilitating the producer's management.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Reúso de água, Programação, SODIS, Irrigação localizada, Horticultura irrigada, Water reuse, Programming, Drip irrigation, Irrigated horticulture