Efeitos da ação de compostos naturais na inversão sexual de danio rerio durante sua diferenciação gonadal
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Data
2022-04-28
Autores
Silva, Graziele Cristine da
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Os Teleostei apresentam grande plasticidade frente à expressão sexual e em muitas espécies a condição de hermafroditismo é frequente. Durante a diferenciação gonadal, a gônada sofre uma série de alterações em seu epitélio germinativo. Entretanto, até o presente momento, há poucas informações sobre as alterações que podem ocorrer também no compartimento intersticial. Frente à ausência de informações sobre o papel desempenhado pelas metaloproteinases (MMPs) na remodelação gonadal dos peixes, o presente trabalho avaliou a ação das MMPs durante a diferenciação gonadal de Danio rerio (zebrafish), bem como o uso de compostos naturais (Camellia sinensis e Bauhinia sp.) como possíveis inibidores das MMPs. Durante o hermafroditismo juvenil de zebrafish, observou-se uma intensa remodelação da matriz extracelular na inversão sexual dos juvenis e 3 tipos de MMPs foram detectadas: MMP-9 (em cistos germinativos), MMP-2 (em células em apoptose) e MMP-14 (em poucas células germinativas e células somáticas ao redor dos cistos). Concomitantemente, a membrana basal nos tecidos supostamente masculinos estava ausente. Juvenis expostos a altas doses de Camellia e Bauhinia apresentaram uma diminuição significativa de MMPs, levando à uma desorganização tecidual da gônada e inibição da remodelação gonadal. Como consequência, o tecido gonadal feminino foi detectado em um maior número de indivíduos nos grupos experimentais, aumentando significativamente a porcentagem de fêmeas de cada grupo. Os compostos naturais possivelmente atuaram como inibidores de MMPs e influenciaram de forma efetiva e duradoura a determinação fenotípica do sexo de Danio rerio. Uma vez que a inversão sexual foi definitiva, estudos com compostos naturais podem ser promissores para o desenvolvimento de novas técnicas visando o controle reprodutivo e obtenção de monossexos nas pisciculturas.
Teleostei show great plasticity in terms of sexual expression and in many species the condition of hermaphroditism is frequent. During gonadal differentiation, the gonad undergoes a series of changes in its germinal epithelium. However, until this moment, there is little information on the changes that may also occur in the interstitial compartment. In view of the lack of information on the role played by the metalloproteinases (MMPs) in fish gonadal remodeling, the present study evaluated the action of MMPs during the gonadal differentiation of Danio rerio (zebrafish), as well as the use of natural compounds (Camellia sinensis and Bauhinia sp.) as possible inhibitors of MMPs. During the juvenile hermaphroditism of zebrafish, an intense remodeling of the extracellular matrix was observed in the sexual inversion of juveniles and 3 types of MMPs were detected: MMP-9 (in germline cysts), MMP-2 (in apoptotic cells) and MMP-14 (in a few germ and somatic cells around the cysts). Concomitantly, the basement membrane in the supposedly male tissues was absent. Juveniles exposed to high doses of Camellia and Bauhinia showed a significant decrease in MMPs, leading to gonad tissue disorganization and inhibition of gonadal remodeling. As a consequence, female gonadal tissue was detected in a greater number of individuals in the experimental groups, significantly increasing the percentage of females in each group. The natural compounds possibly acted as inhibitors of MMPs and effectively and lastingly influenced the phenotypic sex determination of Danio rerio. Once the sex inversion was definitive, studies with natural compounds may be promising for the development of new techniques aiming at reproductive control and obtaining monosex in fish farms.
Teleostei show great plasticity in terms of sexual expression and in many species the condition of hermaphroditism is frequent. During gonadal differentiation, the gonad undergoes a series of changes in its germinal epithelium. However, until this moment, there is little information on the changes that may also occur in the interstitial compartment. In view of the lack of information on the role played by the metalloproteinases (MMPs) in fish gonadal remodeling, the present study evaluated the action of MMPs during the gonadal differentiation of Danio rerio (zebrafish), as well as the use of natural compounds (Camellia sinensis and Bauhinia sp.) as possible inhibitors of MMPs. During the juvenile hermaphroditism of zebrafish, an intense remodeling of the extracellular matrix was observed in the sexual inversion of juveniles and 3 types of MMPs were detected: MMP-9 (in germline cysts), MMP-2 (in apoptotic cells) and MMP-14 (in a few germ and somatic cells around the cysts). Concomitantly, the basement membrane in the supposedly male tissues was absent. Juveniles exposed to high doses of Camellia and Bauhinia showed a significant decrease in MMPs, leading to gonad tissue disorganization and inhibition of gonadal remodeling. As a consequence, female gonadal tissue was detected in a greater number of individuals in the experimental groups, significantly increasing the percentage of females in each group. The natural compounds possibly acted as inhibitors of MMPs and effectively and lastingly influenced the phenotypic sex determination of Danio rerio. Once the sex inversion was definitive, studies with natural compounds may be promising for the development of new techniques aiming at reproductive control and obtaining monosex in fish farms.
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Palavras-chave
Hermafroditismo, Metaloproteinase de matrix, Zebrafish, Morfogênese, Fenotípica, Reprodução