Emoção e delinquência: interfaces entre a filosofia de Foucault e a psicanálise de Winnicott
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2022-02-22
Autores
Sousa, Alex Pereira de
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Investigamos as relações entre emoções acometidas no ambiente carcerário, sobretudo na Fundação CASA, e ressocialização do interno, tendo em vista a previsão legal contida em seu ordenamento jurídico, especificamente nas entrelinhas das medidas socioeducativas do Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente (ECA). Partindo desse contexto, nosso objeto de pesquisa é a delinquência. As relações de causa e consequência desse mesmo objeto são investigadas à medida que se desenvolvem os três capítulos deste trabalho. Face à proporção de movimento e de repouso das afecções dos corpos, o aspecto contingencial é um fator que pode implicar em mudanças repentinas na constituição psicológica do interno. Em contrapartida, pode fortalecer as interações propiciadas através de ajustes emocionais. Há, no entanto, um antagonismo nesse lócus. Isso porque, ao avançarmos na categoria tempo, observamos uma tendência a uma diminuição da potência de agir do corpo motivada pelas paixões, por assim dizer, tristes, à medida que o projeto de (re)construção ontológica deste adolescente vai progredindo rumo à constituição do self (identidade), baseado no conflito de sentimentos e de desejos que tende a modificar a estrutura psíquica desse interno a ponto de sujeitá-lo a uma perda gradativa da potência do intelecto ou da sua liberdade. Tais elementos surgem a partir da servidão proposta frente à força dos afetos que lhes tocam e que podem lhes modificar instantaneamente. Em contrapartida, essas mesmas forças podem fortalecer um sistema cultural e psíquico a ponto de determinar reações positivas na conduta moral do interno. Neste trabalho, em primeiro lugar, realizamos alguns apontamentos metodológicos inerentes ao tema da pesquisa como a estrutura do sistema penitenciário, seu ordenamento jurídico e os dispositivos apontados por Foucault em algumas de suas obras. Explicitamos alguns aspectos emocionais que levam o sujeito a cometer condutas antissociais, tema abordado por Donald Winnicott. Nesse aspecto, alguns pontos relativos à metapsicologia foram abordados como, por exemplo, os conceitos de holding, privação versus deprivação, sentimentos de culpa, espaço transicional, sublimação e resistência. Ademais, abordamos as relações de poder e as estruturas do modelo penitenciário, analisadas pelo viés de uma sociedade entendida como disciplinar, tema abordado em Vigiar e Punir por Michel Foucault. Por fim, expomos algumas diferenças e aproximações entre os pensamentos de Foucault e Winnicott, principalmente, na análise sobre a resistência e a ética do cuidado de si, no âmbito de uma concepção do indivíduo biopolítico, imerso não somente dentro do seu contexto sociocultural, mas que também é submetido a agir de acordo com suas capacidades emocionais inconscientes. Entendemos que a biopolítica apontada por Foucault instaura forças de resistência, contrapondo-se, em alguns momentos, à resistência apontada por Winnicott, mas que dialoga de modo convergente quando se percebe que a resistência na visão da clínica psicanalítica de Winnicott também opera a favor do indivíduo durante as interações ambientais, aumentando sua potência de agir, assim como a filosofia de Foucault insinua no pensar o cuidado de si como uma ética a favor da máxima potência do indivíduo. Compreendemos que as problemáticas contidas nesse ambiente estão em consonância com os dispositivos nomeados por Foucault, como discursos narrativos normatizadores de condutas éticas e morais, sendo a delinquência um deles; e o rompimento com o Estado durante a prisionização do adolescente, ou os vínculos com facções criminosas, são formas de desarranjos emocionais, elucidados pelo contexto da relação mente/corpo e estruturados a partir de uma abordagem epistemológica e cognitiva presentes na filosofia da mente.
This research aims to investigate the relationship between emotions, conceived in a prison environment, especially at the institution Fundação CASA, and the resocialization of the inmate, in view of the legal provision contained in its lawful system, especifically between the lines of the socioeducational resolutions of the Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente (ECA). Starting from this context, we have delinquency as an object of research. Thus, the cause and consequence relationships of this same object will be investigated, as the three chapters of this work are developed. In face of the proportion of movement and rest of the affections of the bodies, the contingency aspect is a factor that can imply in sudden changes in the psychological constitution of the inmate. On the other hand, it can strengthen the interactions provided by a supposedly self-organized environment, through emotional adjustments. There is, however, an antagonism at this locus. This is because, as we advance in the category of time, we observe a tendency towards a decrease in the body's power to act motivated by, so to speak, sad passions, as this adolescent's project of ontological (re)construction progresses towards the configuration of the self (identity), based on the conflict of feelings and desires that tend to modify the psychic structure of this internal to the point of subjecting one to a gradual loss, of the power of the intellect or its freedom. Such elements arise from the proposed servitude in the face of the strength of the affections that touch them and that can change them instantly. On the other hand, these same forces can strengthen a cultural and psychic system to the point of determining positive reactions in the inmate's moral conduct. In this work, first of all, methodological notes inherent to the research topic, such as the structure of the prison system, its legal system of strictly semiotic nature and the devices pointed out by Foucault in some of his works, such as, the idea ofprison and delinquency within the scope of a typically disciplinary market society. Next, an analysis of the emotional aspects that lead the subject to commit antisocial behavior, a topic addressed by Donald Winnicott in his work Deprivation and Delinquency. In this aspect, some points related to metapsychology were addressed, such as the concepts of holding, privatization versus deprivation,guilt feelings, transitional space, sublimation and resistance.Then, power relations and structures of the penitentiary model, analyzed from the perspective of a society understood as disciplinary, a topic discussed in Discipline and Punish by Michel Foucault. Finally, some differences and approximations between the thoughts of Foucault and Winnicott are exposed. We understand that the biopolitics pointed out by Foucault establish forces of resistance, opposing at times with the resistance pointed out in Winnicott, but that it also dialogues in a convergent way, when it is noticed that the resistance in the view of Winnicott's psychoanalytic clinic, too, works in favor of the individual during environmental interactions, increasing their power to act, just as Foucault's philosophy insinuates when thinking about self-care as an ethics in favor of the maximum power of the individual. We understand that the problems contained in this environment are in line with the devices named by Foucault, notably, as narrative discourses that regulate ethical and moral conduct, delinquency being one of them; and the break up with the State during the imprisonment of the teenager, or the links with criminal factions, are forms of emotional disarrangements, elucidated by the context of the mind/body relationship and structured from an epistemological and cognitive approach present in the philosophy of mind.
This research aims to investigate the relationship between emotions, conceived in a prison environment, especially at the institution Fundação CASA, and the resocialization of the inmate, in view of the legal provision contained in its lawful system, especifically between the lines of the socioeducational resolutions of the Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente (ECA). Starting from this context, we have delinquency as an object of research. Thus, the cause and consequence relationships of this same object will be investigated, as the three chapters of this work are developed. In face of the proportion of movement and rest of the affections of the bodies, the contingency aspect is a factor that can imply in sudden changes in the psychological constitution of the inmate. On the other hand, it can strengthen the interactions provided by a supposedly self-organized environment, through emotional adjustments. There is, however, an antagonism at this locus. This is because, as we advance in the category of time, we observe a tendency towards a decrease in the body's power to act motivated by, so to speak, sad passions, as this adolescent's project of ontological (re)construction progresses towards the configuration of the self (identity), based on the conflict of feelings and desires that tend to modify the psychic structure of this internal to the point of subjecting one to a gradual loss, of the power of the intellect or its freedom. Such elements arise from the proposed servitude in the face of the strength of the affections that touch them and that can change them instantly. On the other hand, these same forces can strengthen a cultural and psychic system to the point of determining positive reactions in the inmate's moral conduct. In this work, first of all, methodological notes inherent to the research topic, such as the structure of the prison system, its legal system of strictly semiotic nature and the devices pointed out by Foucault in some of his works, such as, the idea ofprison and delinquency within the scope of a typically disciplinary market society. Next, an analysis of the emotional aspects that lead the subject to commit antisocial behavior, a topic addressed by Donald Winnicott in his work Deprivation and Delinquency. In this aspect, some points related to metapsychology were addressed, such as the concepts of holding, privatization versus deprivation,guilt feelings, transitional space, sublimation and resistance.Then, power relations and structures of the penitentiary model, analyzed from the perspective of a society understood as disciplinary, a topic discussed in Discipline and Punish by Michel Foucault. Finally, some differences and approximations between the thoughts of Foucault and Winnicott are exposed. We understand that the biopolitics pointed out by Foucault establish forces of resistance, opposing at times with the resistance pointed out in Winnicott, but that it also dialogues in a convergent way, when it is noticed that the resistance in the view of Winnicott's psychoanalytic clinic, too, works in favor of the individual during environmental interactions, increasing their power to act, just as Foucault's philosophy insinuates when thinking about self-care as an ethics in favor of the maximum power of the individual. We understand that the problems contained in this environment are in line with the devices named by Foucault, notably, as narrative discourses that regulate ethical and moral conduct, delinquency being one of them; and the break up with the State during the imprisonment of the teenager, or the links with criminal factions, are forms of emotional disarrangements, elucidated by the context of the mind/body relationship and structured from an epistemological and cognitive approach present in the philosophy of mind.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Delinquência, Psicanálise, Emoção, Resistência, Delinquency, Psychoanalysis, Emotion, Resistance
Como citar
SOUSA, Alex Pereira de. Emoção e delinquência: interfaces entre a filosofia de Foucault e a psicanálise de Winnicott. Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), 2022.