Teoria democrática deliberativa: uma análise dos conselhos municipais de assistência social
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Data
2022-04-08
Autores
Molina, Talismara Guilherme
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
As diversas experiências sobre a institucionalização de espaços deliberativos, como forma de renovação democrática, têm despertado interesse de estudos tanto no campo teórico quanto no empírico, em que a teoria democrática deliberativa figura como sustentáculo da institucionalização, especialmente nos conselhos de políticas públicas, que são, por sua natureza, instâncias deliberativas. Devido à atual conjuntura econômica, social e política do país, imposta pelo governo federal e sua base conservadora, caracterizada por uma postura autoritária e antidemocrática de desmontes dos direitos sociais e enfraquecimento e deslegitimidade das instâncias participativas e de deliberações coletivas, é imperativo que estudos como este garantam e defendam esses espaços de lutas e conquistas, de modo incluir os diversos segmentos sociais e contribuir para a democratização da políticas públicas. Como proposta, procuramos responder de que forma os conselhos municipais de assistência social cumprem o seu papel deliberativo. Para obter respostas à indagação, traçamos como objetivo geral o de analisar os aspectos deliberativos existentes nos Conselhos Municipais de Assistência Social de Igarapava, Ituverava, Morro Agudo e Orlândia, municípios de pequeno porte II pertencentes à Região Administrativa de Franca. Como objetivos específicos, os de i) conhecer seu funcionamento através dos arcabouços legal e normativo, ii) identificar aspectos facilitadores e dificultadores do processo deliberativo e, como produto do mestrado profissional, iii) propor uma formação de efetivação deliberativa nos conselhos municipais de assistência social. Este trabalho caracteriza-se como uma pesquisa do tipo explicativa, qualitativa e documental, em que foram analisadas as leis de criação, regimento interno e as atas das reuniões ordinárias e extraordinárias dos referidos conselhos municipais. Para a análise e a interpretação dos dados, utilizamos a análise de conteúdo, em que destacamos as categorias deliberativas a partir do referencial teórico deliberativo e a correlação com as características, instrumentos legais e normativos e o arcabouço teórico dos conselhos municipais de assistência social. Como resultados, identificamos que alguns conselhos cumprem com alguns requisitos deliberativos; no entanto, podemos identificar alguns déficits deliberativos. Esperamos que as discussões e reflexões trazidas nesta pesquisa possam contribuir com possíveis inovações e aprimoramento da capacidade deliberativa dos conselhos municipais de assistência social.
The different experiences on the institutionalization of deliberative spaces as a form of democratic renewal have aroused the interest in studies both in the theoretical and empirical fields, in which the Deliberative Democratic Theory figures as a mainstay of institutionalization, especially in public policy councils, which are by their nature deliberative instances. Due to the current Brazilian economic, social, and political situation, imposed by the national federal government and its conservative base, characterized by a totally authoritarian and anti-democratic posture of dismantling social rights and weakening and delegitimizing participative instances and collective deliberations, studies such as this one must ensure and defend these spaces of struggles and achievements as a way to include the diverse social segments and contribute to the democratization of public policies. Therefore, we propose to answer in what way the municipal social assistance councils fulfill their deliberative role. To answer this question, we have set as our general objective: to analyze the deliberative aspects existing in the Municipal Social Assistance Councils of Igarapava, Ituverava, Morro Agudo, and Orlândia, which are small-sized municipalities II belonging to the Administrative Region of Franca. We have as specific goals: i) to know their work through the legal and normative frameworks, ii) to identify facilitating and hindering aspects of the deliberative process, and iii) to propose a deliberative effectiveness training in the municipal social assistance councils as a product of the professional master's degree. This work is characterized as explanatory, qualitative, and documental research. We analyzed the laws of creation, internal regulations, and the minutes of the ordinary and extraordinary meetings of the aforementioned municipal councils. In our analysis and interpretation of the data, we used content analysis, in which we highlighted the deliberative categories based on the deliberative theoretical framework and the correlation with the characteristics, legal and normative instruments, and the theoretical framework of the municipal social assistance councils. As a result, we identified that some councils comply with some deliberative requirements; however, we can also identify some deliberative deficits. We hope that the discussions and reflections presented in this research can contribute to possible innovations and improvement in the deliberative capacity of the municipal social assistance councils.
The different experiences on the institutionalization of deliberative spaces as a form of democratic renewal have aroused the interest in studies both in the theoretical and empirical fields, in which the Deliberative Democratic Theory figures as a mainstay of institutionalization, especially in public policy councils, which are by their nature deliberative instances. Due to the current Brazilian economic, social, and political situation, imposed by the national federal government and its conservative base, characterized by a totally authoritarian and anti-democratic posture of dismantling social rights and weakening and delegitimizing participative instances and collective deliberations, studies such as this one must ensure and defend these spaces of struggles and achievements as a way to include the diverse social segments and contribute to the democratization of public policies. Therefore, we propose to answer in what way the municipal social assistance councils fulfill their deliberative role. To answer this question, we have set as our general objective: to analyze the deliberative aspects existing in the Municipal Social Assistance Councils of Igarapava, Ituverava, Morro Agudo, and Orlândia, which are small-sized municipalities II belonging to the Administrative Region of Franca. We have as specific goals: i) to know their work through the legal and normative frameworks, ii) to identify facilitating and hindering aspects of the deliberative process, and iii) to propose a deliberative effectiveness training in the municipal social assistance councils as a product of the professional master's degree. This work is characterized as explanatory, qualitative, and documental research. We analyzed the laws of creation, internal regulations, and the minutes of the ordinary and extraordinary meetings of the aforementioned municipal councils. In our analysis and interpretation of the data, we used content analysis, in which we highlighted the deliberative categories based on the deliberative theoretical framework and the correlation with the characteristics, legal and normative instruments, and the theoretical framework of the municipal social assistance councils. As a result, we identified that some councils comply with some deliberative requirements; however, we can also identify some deliberative deficits. We hope that the discussions and reflections presented in this research can contribute to possible innovations and improvement in the deliberative capacity of the municipal social assistance councils.
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Teoria democratica deliberativa, Política de Assistência Social, Conselhos Municipais de Assistência Social, Deliberative democratic theory, Social Assistance Policy, Municipal Social Assistance Councils