Gestão sustentável de resíduos em canteiro de obras com paredes de concreto armado
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Data
2020-09-24
Autores
Costa, Isabella Nassar dos Santos
Cassino, Lucas Eduardo
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A indústria da construção civil atua de forma significativa no PIB de um país, devido ao elevado
consumo de materiais e energia, geração de empregos e capital de giro. No Brasil, as tecnologias
construtivas ainda geram muito desperdício de materiais. Poucos municípios brasileiros possuem
aterros adequados à disposição dos resíduos de construção civil e demolição (RCD) e usinas de
reciclagem. Neste cenário, este estudo teve como objetivo quantificar e caracterizar os resíduos
gerados no canteiro de obras do edifício Vila Itália, localizado no bairro Jaraguá, no município de
São Paulo (SP), que utilizou o método construtivo de parede de concreto armado em forma de
alumínio. A quantificação e a caracterização dos resíduos foram realizadas em todas as etapas de
construção, desde a terraplanagem, fundação, estrutura até acabamento/revestimento e comparados
aos resíduos de obras que utilizam métodos tradicionais de construção em alvenaria. Desta análise
comparativa foram propostas práticas sustentáveis para a gestão dos resíduos, visando a adoção de
técnicas como a reutilização e a reciclagem e a destinação adequada. A partir das informações
obtidas, verificou-se que os resíduos de concreto e de argamassa corresponderam a 609 m3 (40,4%)
e 160 m3 (10,6%), respectivamente, que conforme a Resolução Conama n
o
307/2002, pertencem à
Classe A e podem ser reservados em aterro de inertes, reutilizados ou reciclados na forma de
agregados. O solo retirado na terraplanagem também pertence à Classe A e pode ser reutilizado no
nivelamento topográfico de terrenos e em projetos de reabilitação de áreas contaminadas. Os
resíduos de concreto e de argamassa, podem ser reutilizados em obras para aterros, drenagens,
enchimentos, na produção de argamassa de assentamento de alvenaria de vedação, contrapiso,
fabricação de artefatos de concreto, pisos intertravados, terraplanagem entre outros. Estes resíduos,
quando na forma de agregados reciclados e em padrões que atendam as normas NBR 15115/04 e
NBR15116/04, podem ser aplicados na confecção de concreto sem função estrutural, em base e sub-
base de pavimentação, podendo ser reciclados e utilizados no próprio canteiro de obras ou em usinas
de reciclagem. Comparando o método construtivo de alvenaria tradicional com o método de parede
em concreto armado, verificou-se que o primeiro gera um volume menor de resíduos de concreto e
argamassa. De maneira geral, o método construtivo de parede de concreto se mostrou mais
sustentável em relação ao método tradicional, por apresentar menor taxa de geração de resíduos,
sendo estes de Classe A, com elevada capacidade de retornar ao ciclo produtivo
The civil construction industry plays a significant role in a country's GDP, due to the high consumption of materials and energy, job creation and working capital. In Brazil, construction technologies still generate a lot of waste of materials. Few Brazilian municipalities have adequate landfills to dispose of civil construction and demolition waste (RCD) and recycling plants. In this scenario, this study aimed to quantify and characterize the waste generated at the construction site of the Vila Itália building, located in the Jaraguá neighborhood, in the city of São Paulo (SP), which used the reinforced concrete wall construction method in the form of aluminum. The quantification and characterization of residues were carried out at all stages of construction, from earthwork, foundation, structure to finishing / coating and compared to residues from works that use traditional masonry construction methods. From this comparative analysis, sustainable practices for waste management were proposed, aiming at the adoption of techniques such as reuse and recycling and proper disposal. From the information obtained, it was found that the concrete and mortar residues corresponded to 609 m3 (40.4%) and 160 m3 (10.6%), respectively, which, according to Conama Resolution 307/2002, belong to Class A and can be reserved in inert landfill, reused or recycled in the form of aggregates. The soil removed from the earthworks also belongs to Class A and can be reused in the topographical leveling of land and in projects for the rehabilitation of contaminated areas. Concrete and mortar residues can be reused in works for landfills, drainages, fillings, in the production of mortar for laying sealing masonry, subfloor, manufacture of concrete artifacts, interlocking floors, earthworks, among others. These residues, when in the form of recycled aggregates and in standards that meet the standards NBR 15115/04 and NBR15116/04, can be applied in the manufacture of concrete without structural function, in pavement base and sub-base, and can be recycled and used at the construction site itself or at recycling plants. Comparing the traditional masonry construction method with the reinforced concrete wall method, it was found that the first generates a smaller volume of concrete and mortar residues. In general, the concrete wall construction method proved to be more sustainable in relation to the traditional method, as it presents a lower rate of waste generation, these being Class A, with a high capacity to return to the production cycle
The civil construction industry plays a significant role in a country's GDP, due to the high consumption of materials and energy, job creation and working capital. In Brazil, construction technologies still generate a lot of waste of materials. Few Brazilian municipalities have adequate landfills to dispose of civil construction and demolition waste (RCD) and recycling plants. In this scenario, this study aimed to quantify and characterize the waste generated at the construction site of the Vila Itália building, located in the Jaraguá neighborhood, in the city of São Paulo (SP), which used the reinforced concrete wall construction method in the form of aluminum. The quantification and characterization of residues were carried out at all stages of construction, from earthwork, foundation, structure to finishing / coating and compared to residues from works that use traditional masonry construction methods. From this comparative analysis, sustainable practices for waste management were proposed, aiming at the adoption of techniques such as reuse and recycling and proper disposal. From the information obtained, it was found that the concrete and mortar residues corresponded to 609 m3 (40.4%) and 160 m3 (10.6%), respectively, which, according to Conama Resolution 307/2002, belong to Class A and can be reserved in inert landfill, reused or recycled in the form of aggregates. The soil removed from the earthworks also belongs to Class A and can be reused in the topographical leveling of land and in projects for the rehabilitation of contaminated areas. Concrete and mortar residues can be reused in works for landfills, drainages, fillings, in the production of mortar for laying sealing masonry, subfloor, manufacture of concrete artifacts, interlocking floors, earthworks, among others. These residues, when in the form of recycled aggregates and in standards that meet the standards NBR 15115/04 and NBR15116/04, can be applied in the manufacture of concrete without structural function, in pavement base and sub-base, and can be recycled and used at the construction site itself or at recycling plants. Comparing the traditional masonry construction method with the reinforced concrete wall method, it was found that the first generates a smaller volume of concrete and mortar residues. In general, the concrete wall construction method proved to be more sustainable in relation to the traditional method, as it presents a lower rate of waste generation, these being Class A, with a high capacity to return to the production cycle
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Construção civil, Gestão de resíduos, Reciclagem, Sustentabilidade, Civil construction, Waste Management, Recycling, Sustainability, Reaproveitamento (Sobras, refugos, etc.)