Achados eletrocardiográficos e ecocardiográficos em cães naturalmente infectados por leishmania spp. submetidos à terapia com miltefosina.
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Data
2022-07-05
Autores
Ribeiro, Mayara Larissa dos Santos
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A leishmaniose visceral canina é uma doença de caráter crônico, endêmica, mul¬tissistêmica e zoonótica. O cão infec¬tado pode desenvolver sintomatologia variada, afetando vários sistemas como o car¬diovascular. Assim, o presente estudo teve como objetivo identificar as principais alterações eletrocardiográficas e ecocardiográficas em cães naturalmente infectados por Leishmania spp. tratados com Miltefosina (Milteforan®). Foram utilizados 22 animais (n=22), sendo 13 fêmeas e 9 machos, todos sem raça definida, adultos, com pesos entre 6,4 a 15,1kg e positivos para Leishmania spp. Todos foram submetidos a exames eletrocardiográficos e ecocardiográficos e, posteriormente, divididos em 2 grupos: (1) grupo controle positivo (GC+), composto por 7 cães que receberam NaCL 0,9% na dose de 1 mL para cada 10 kg, uma vez ao dia durante 28 dias e; (2) grupo tratado (GT), composto por 15 cães que receberam tratamento com Miltefosina na dosagem de 2 mg/kg, uma vez ao dia durante 28 dias. Cães portadores de cardiopatias adquiridas ou congênitas foram excluídos. As avaliações cardiológicas foram realizadas em dois momentos (M1 e M2), sendo o M1 previamente ao tratamento com Miltefosina e o M2 imediatamente após o término dos 28 dias da terapia. A partir dos resultados do presente trabalho, foi possível demonstrar a ausência de interferências nas variáveis eletrocardiográficas quando comparadas aos momentos e grupos estudados. Contudo, no estudo ecocardiográfico foi observada diferença significativa na fração de ejeção pelo método de Simpson (p-valor=0.0000007) e no movimento anular sistólico mitral (p-valor=0.0353891) entre os momentos no GT, com aumento dessas variáveis, demonstrando uma melhora pós tratamento. Conclui-se, portanto, que os cães portadores de leishmaniose visceral apresentaram alterações na função sistólica e diastólica ventricular esquerda, com melhora significativa da função sistólica, após terapia a base de Miltefosina.
Canine visceral leishmaniasis is a long-term, endemic, systemic and zoonotic disease. The infected dog can develop varied symptoms, affecting several systems such as the cardiovascular system. Thus, the present study aimed to identify the main electrocardiographic and echocardiographic changes in dogs naturally infected by Leishmania spp. treated with Miltefosine (Milteforan®). Twenty-two animals (n=22) were used, 13 females and 9 males, all mixed breed, adults, weighing between 6.4 and 15.1 kg and positive for Leishmania spp. All were submitted to electrocardiographic and echocardiographic examinations and, subsequently, divided into 2 groups: (1) positive control group (GC+), composed of 7 dogs that received 0.9% NaCL at a dose of 1 mL for every 10 kg, once a day for 28 days and; (2) treated group (TG), composed of 15 dogs that received treatment with Miltefosine at a dosage of 2 mg/kg, once a day for 28 days. Dogs with acquired or congenital heart disease were excluded. Cardiological assessments were performed in two moments (M1 and M2), being M1 prior to treatment with Miltefosine and M2 immediately after the end of the 28 days of therapy. Based on the results of the present study, it was possible to demonstrate the absence of interference in the electrocardiographic variables when compared to the moments and groups studied. However, in the echocardiographic study, a significant difference was observed in the ejection fraction by Simpson's method (p-value=0.0000007) and in the mitral systolic annular motion (p-value=0.0353891) between the moments in the GT, with an increase in these variables, demonstrating a improvement after treatment. It is concluded, therefore, that dogs with visceral leishmaniasis showed changes in left ventricular systolic and diastolic function, with significant improvement in systolic function, after Miltefosine-based therapy.
Canine visceral leishmaniasis is a long-term, endemic, systemic and zoonotic disease. The infected dog can develop varied symptoms, affecting several systems such as the cardiovascular system. Thus, the present study aimed to identify the main electrocardiographic and echocardiographic changes in dogs naturally infected by Leishmania spp. treated with Miltefosine (Milteforan®). Twenty-two animals (n=22) were used, 13 females and 9 males, all mixed breed, adults, weighing between 6.4 and 15.1 kg and positive for Leishmania spp. All were submitted to electrocardiographic and echocardiographic examinations and, subsequently, divided into 2 groups: (1) positive control group (GC+), composed of 7 dogs that received 0.9% NaCL at a dose of 1 mL for every 10 kg, once a day for 28 days and; (2) treated group (TG), composed of 15 dogs that received treatment with Miltefosine at a dosage of 2 mg/kg, once a day for 28 days. Dogs with acquired or congenital heart disease were excluded. Cardiological assessments were performed in two moments (M1 and M2), being M1 prior to treatment with Miltefosine and M2 immediately after the end of the 28 days of therapy. Based on the results of the present study, it was possible to demonstrate the absence of interference in the electrocardiographic variables when compared to the moments and groups studied. However, in the echocardiographic study, a significant difference was observed in the ejection fraction by Simpson's method (p-value=0.0000007) and in the mitral systolic annular motion (p-value=0.0353891) between the moments in the GT, with an increase in these variables, demonstrating a improvement after treatment. It is concluded, therefore, that dogs with visceral leishmaniasis showed changes in left ventricular systolic and diastolic function, with significant improvement in systolic function, after Miltefosine-based therapy.
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Palavras-chave
antiprotozoário, eletrocardiograma, ecocardiograma, leishmaniose visceral canina, Antiprotozoal, Electrocardiogram, Echocardiogram, Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis