Educação ambiental e resíduos sólidos: um estudo sobre teses e dissertações desenvolvidas no contexto escolar
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Data
2022-05-30
Autores
Amaral, Letícia da Silva
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O campo da pesquisa em educação ambiental no Brasil tem expandido nas últimas décadas bem como, a constatação das possíveis contribuições da educação ambiental para a discussão sobre a problemática dos resíduos sólidos. Atualmente se produz muito a respeito dos resíduos sólidos utilizando a educação ambiental como instrumento mas há poucas informações sistematizadas sobre como essa relação está posta nessas pesquisas. Assim como na educação ambiental existem duas principais matrizes político-pedagógicas, a “conservacionista” e a “crítica”, a relação entre as temáticas da educação ambiental e dos resíduos sólidos também pode se estabelecer a partir de uma perspectiva técnico-gerencial/conservacionista ou de maneira crítica. Assim sendo, a presente investigação, que se insere no âmbito do projeto EArte, tem como objetivo discutir as pesquisas de educação ambiental, defendidas no período de 1981 a 2019, que propõem projetos ou atividades articulando a Educação Ambiental e os Resíduos Sólidos, desenvolvidas em escolas regulares de Ensino Fundamental e Médio, bem como, os principais referenciais teóricos e aspectos (ambiental, econômico, social, cultural e político) privilegiados pelos autores. Trata-se de uma pesquisa do tipo “estado da arte”, e como instrumento analítico foi utilizada a “análise de conteúdo” de acordo com Bardin (2009). Para a constituição do corpus documental, foi consultado o banco de teses e dissertações do Projeto “Educação Ambiental no Brasil: análise da produção acadêmica - Projeto EArte”. Por meio de buscas no banco e a partir dos critérios estabelecidos previamente, além da leitura dos resumos, foram selecionados trinta e cinco trabalhos para constituição do corpus documental desta dissertação. Realizou-se o mapeamento da produção das trinta e cinco pesquisas e a leitura e análise dos textos completos de vinte e sete dessas pesquisas (vinte e seis dissertações e uma tese). A partir das análises realizadas, constatou-se a ausência de pesquisas produzidas na região Norte do país, e a predominância das realizadas nas regiões Sudeste e Sul. Observou-se que no geral as pesquisas apresentam separadamente as discussões teóricas sobre educação ambiental e resíduos sólidos e a junção dessas duas temáticas acontece nas práticas realizadas com os alunos. E dentre os diferentes tipos de resíduos ganham destaque os domésticos (alumínio, metal, plástico, vidro e orgânico) reforçando a esfera individual da gestão dos resíduos sólidos. “Consumo/consumismo” está entre os aspectos menos abordados com os alunos e ainda que o termo “Obsolescência” seja citado na discussão teórica de nove pesquisas, apenas dois trabalhos afirmam abordar de fato essa temática com os alunos em seus projetos e atividades. Positivamente o aspecto social é discutido em 44% das pesquisas analisadas. Conclui-se que, no geral, os aspectos privilegiados são os técnico-gerenciais, que se aproximam da educação ambiental conservacionista, sendo os subtemas mais abordados a reciclagem e a coleta seletiva.
The field of research in environmental education in Brazil has expanded in recent decades, as well as the realization of possible contributions of environmental education in the discussion about the problem of solid waste. Just as in environmental education there are two main political-pedagogical matrices: “conservation” and “critical”. The relations between the theme of environmental education and solid waste can also be established from a technicalmanagerial/conservationist perspective or in a critical way. Therefore, the present investigation, as the scope of the EArte project, aims to discuss environmental education research, published from 1995 to 2019, which propose projects or activities articulating Environmental Education and Solid Waste, developed in regular elementary and high schools, as well the main theoretical references and aspects (environmental, economic, social, cultural and political) privileged by the authors. This is a “state of the art” research, and as an analytical instrument, the “content analysis” according to Bardin (2009). For the constitution of the documental corpus, the database of theses and dissertations of the project “Educação Ambiental no Brasil: análise da produção acadêmica” was consulted. Through searches in the database and from the criteria previously established, and by reading the abstracts, thirty-five researches were delimited to constitute the documental corpus of this dissertation. The production of the thirty-five studies was mapped and the full texts of twenty-seven of these studies were read and analyzed (twentysix dissertations and one thesis).Based on the analyzes, there was a lack of research produced in the North of the country, and the predominance of those carried out in the Southeast and South regions. It was observed that, in general, the researches present separately the theoretical discussions about environmental education and solid waste, and the union of the themes happens in the practices with the students. Additionaly, within the different types of waste, domestic waste (aluminum, metal, plastic, glass and organic) stands out, reinforcing the individual sphere of solid waste management. “Consumption/consumerism” is among the least discussed aspects with students and although the term “Obsolescence” is mentioned in the theoretical discussion of nine researches, only two researches claim to actually address this issue with students in their projects and activities. Positively, the social aspect is discussed in 44% of the analyzed researches. It is concluded that, in general, the privileged aspects are the technical-management ones, which approach conservationist environmental education, with recycling and selective collection being the most discussed sub-themes.
The field of research in environmental education in Brazil has expanded in recent decades, as well as the realization of possible contributions of environmental education in the discussion about the problem of solid waste. Just as in environmental education there are two main political-pedagogical matrices: “conservation” and “critical”. The relations between the theme of environmental education and solid waste can also be established from a technicalmanagerial/conservationist perspective or in a critical way. Therefore, the present investigation, as the scope of the EArte project, aims to discuss environmental education research, published from 1995 to 2019, which propose projects or activities articulating Environmental Education and Solid Waste, developed in regular elementary and high schools, as well the main theoretical references and aspects (environmental, economic, social, cultural and political) privileged by the authors. This is a “state of the art” research, and as an analytical instrument, the “content analysis” according to Bardin (2009). For the constitution of the documental corpus, the database of theses and dissertations of the project “Educação Ambiental no Brasil: análise da produção acadêmica” was consulted. Through searches in the database and from the criteria previously established, and by reading the abstracts, thirty-five researches were delimited to constitute the documental corpus of this dissertation. The production of the thirty-five studies was mapped and the full texts of twenty-seven of these studies were read and analyzed (twentysix dissertations and one thesis).Based on the analyzes, there was a lack of research produced in the North of the country, and the predominance of those carried out in the Southeast and South regions. It was observed that, in general, the researches present separately the theoretical discussions about environmental education and solid waste, and the union of the themes happens in the practices with the students. Additionaly, within the different types of waste, domestic waste (aluminum, metal, plastic, glass and organic) stands out, reinforcing the individual sphere of solid waste management. “Consumption/consumerism” is among the least discussed aspects with students and although the term “Obsolescence” is mentioned in the theoretical discussion of nine researches, only two researches claim to actually address this issue with students in their projects and activities. Positively, the social aspect is discussed in 44% of the analyzed researches. It is concluded that, in general, the privileged aspects are the technical-management ones, which approach conservationist environmental education, with recycling and selective collection being the most discussed sub-themes.
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Palavras-chave
Educação ambiental, Estado da arte, Resíduos sólidos, Lixo, Dissertações e teses, Environmental education, State of the art, Solid waste, Trash, Essays and theses