Detecção e vigilância do vírus SARS- CoV- 2 em Estação de Tratamento de Esgoto (ETE) de São José do Rio Preto.
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Data
2022-05-26
Autores
Martins, Renan Moura
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A Organização Mundial de Saúde declarou os casos de Síndrome Respiratória Aguda Grave causada pelo vírus SARS-CoV-2, como uma Emergência de Saúde Pública de Interesse Internacional e o status de pandemia foi oficialmente reconhecido pela OMS em 11 de março de 2020. A Epidemiologia Baseada em Águas Residuais ganhou grande notoriedade uma vez detectada a presença do novo agente ao redor do globo em diversas amostras ambientais, tal técnica já fora anteriormente descrita em trabalhos monitorando outros vírus a nível comunitário, como: Poliovirus, Enterovirus, Adenovirus Rotavirus e Vírus da Hepatite A. Através da detecção de material genético nas águas residuais a técnica atua como uma ferramenta complementar importante de alerta precoce. Nosso objetivo com este trabalho foi avaliar a presença do RNA do SARS-CoV-2 nos efluentes domésticos de São José do Rio Preto- SP/ Brasil, e sua dinâmica durante o período de um ano, e investigar a relação com outros parâmetros ambientais. De 15 de julho de 2020 a 16 de julho de 2021 foram coletadas amostras de esgoto primário provenientes da Estação de Tratamento de Esgoto de São José do Rio Preto. As amostras passaram por uma etapa de concentração viral por ultracentrifugação, seguida por extração do RNA viral e posterior transcrição reversa para a quantificação através de Reação em Cadeia pela Polimerase em tempo real (RT-qPCR). No método de análise (one-step) o RNA de SARS-CoV-2 foi detectado nas 150 amostras em pelo menos um dos alvos, sendo a proporção de 100% para o alvo N1 e de 96,6% para o alvo N2. A quantificação variara de 1 X 103 até 1.3 X 105 cópias de RNA viral por litro de esgoto para o alvo N1, e 0 até 8.6 x 104 cópias de RNA viral por litro de esgoto para o alvo N2. Os dados a carga viral no esgoto doméstico são capazes de predizer uma variação do número de infectados na população com um atraso médio de cinco dias. Observamos ainda uma correlação negativa entre a temperatura do esgoto e o sinal viral no esgoto, e o número de casos notificados de infecções por SARS-CoV-2. Observamos uma correlação negativa entre a temperatura do ar e o título viral de SARS-CoV-2. Uma correlação estatística também foi encontrada entre o fluxo médio de esgoto na estação com os títulos virais do alvo N1 do SARS- CoV-2. Também foi observado um número maior de cópias virais, para o alvo N1, nas águas residuais coletadas em dias não chuvosos. Com base nos dados obtidos, propomos que o monitoramento amplo dos efluentes domésticos permite uma visão mais ampla e comunitária da doença, e em combinação com a investigação clínica contribui para um melhor entendimento da dinâmica de circulação do vírus na população, sendo uma estratégia importante para a tomada de decisão das autoridades sanitárias em países pobres ou com renda média, servindo como um sistema de alerta rápido e barato capaz de antecipar futuros surtos de COVID-19, além de poder ser usada em cenários de falta de testes diagnósticos individuais.
The World Health Organization declared the cases of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus as a Public Health Emergency of International Concern and the pandemic status was officially recognized by the WHO on March 11th, 2020. Epidemiology Based on Wastewater, it gained great notoriety once the presence of the new agent around the globe was detected in several environmental samples, this technique had been previously described in works monitoring other viruses at the community level, such as: Poliovirus, Enterovirus, Adenovirus Rotavirus and Hepatitis A. Through the detection of genetic material in wastewater, the technique acts as an important complementary tool for early warning. Our objective with this work was to evaluate the presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in domestic effluents from São José do Rio Preto-SP/ Brazil, and its dynamics during a period of one year, and to investigate the relationship with others environmental parameters. From July 15th, 2020 to July 16th, 2021, samples of primary sewage were collected from the São José do Rio Preto Sewage Treatment Station. The samples underwent a viral concentration step by ultracentrifugation, followed by viral RNA extraction and subsequent reverse transcription for quantification by real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-qPCR). In the analysis method (one-step) the RNA of SARS-CoV-2 was detected in the 150 samples in at least one of the targets, the proportion being 100% for the N1 target and 96.6% for the N2 target. The quantification ranged from 1 X 103 to 1.3 X 105 copies of viral RNA per liter of sewage for the N1 target, and 0 to 8.6 X 104 copies of viral RNA per liter of sewage for the N2 target. Data on viral load in domestic sewage are able to predict a variation in the number of infected people in the population with an average delay of five days. We also observed a negative correlation between sewer temperature and viral signal in sewer, and the number of reported cases of SARS-CoV-2 infections. We observed a negative correlation between air temperature and SARS-CoV-2 viral titer. A statistical correlation was also found between the mean sewage flow at the station and the viral titers of the SARS-CoV-2 N1 target. A higher number of viral copies for the N1 target was also observed in wastewater collected on non-rainy days. Based on the data obtained, we propose that the broad monitoring of domestic effluents allows a broader and more community-based view of the disease, and in combination with clinical investigation contributes to a better understanding of the dynamics of virus circulation in the population, being an important strategy for decision-making by health authorities in poor or middle-income countries, serving as a quick and inexpensive warning system, capable of anticipating future outbreaks of COVID-19, as well as being able to be used in scenarios where individual diagnostic tests are lacking.
The World Health Organization declared the cases of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus as a Public Health Emergency of International Concern and the pandemic status was officially recognized by the WHO on March 11th, 2020. Epidemiology Based on Wastewater, it gained great notoriety once the presence of the new agent around the globe was detected in several environmental samples, this technique had been previously described in works monitoring other viruses at the community level, such as: Poliovirus, Enterovirus, Adenovirus Rotavirus and Hepatitis A. Through the detection of genetic material in wastewater, the technique acts as an important complementary tool for early warning. Our objective with this work was to evaluate the presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in domestic effluents from São José do Rio Preto-SP/ Brazil, and its dynamics during a period of one year, and to investigate the relationship with others environmental parameters. From July 15th, 2020 to July 16th, 2021, samples of primary sewage were collected from the São José do Rio Preto Sewage Treatment Station. The samples underwent a viral concentration step by ultracentrifugation, followed by viral RNA extraction and subsequent reverse transcription for quantification by real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-qPCR). In the analysis method (one-step) the RNA of SARS-CoV-2 was detected in the 150 samples in at least one of the targets, the proportion being 100% for the N1 target and 96.6% for the N2 target. The quantification ranged from 1 X 103 to 1.3 X 105 copies of viral RNA per liter of sewage for the N1 target, and 0 to 8.6 X 104 copies of viral RNA per liter of sewage for the N2 target. Data on viral load in domestic sewage are able to predict a variation in the number of infected people in the population with an average delay of five days. We also observed a negative correlation between sewer temperature and viral signal in sewer, and the number of reported cases of SARS-CoV-2 infections. We observed a negative correlation between air temperature and SARS-CoV-2 viral titer. A statistical correlation was also found between the mean sewage flow at the station and the viral titers of the SARS-CoV-2 N1 target. A higher number of viral copies for the N1 target was also observed in wastewater collected on non-rainy days. Based on the data obtained, we propose that the broad monitoring of domestic effluents allows a broader and more community-based view of the disease, and in combination with clinical investigation contributes to a better understanding of the dynamics of virus circulation in the population, being an important strategy for decision-making by health authorities in poor or middle-income countries, serving as a quick and inexpensive warning system, capable of anticipating future outbreaks of COVID-19, as well as being able to be used in scenarios where individual diagnostic tests are lacking.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
SARS- CoV- 2, Vigilância epidemiológica, Águas residuais, Quantificação temporal da carga viral, Epidemic surveillance, Wastewater, Temporal viral quantification