Caracterização de preferência e performance de Bemisia tabaci MEAM1 (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) em plantas daninhas
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Data
2022-05-31
Autores
Gerage Sacilotto, Matheus
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A mosca-branca Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) é uma das pragas de maior importância econômica para a agricultura a nível global. Dentre as espécies crípticas de B. tabaci, Middle East-Asia Minor 1 (MEAM1) destaca-se como uma das mais problemáticas e disseminadas em todo o mundo. Trata-se de um inseto sugador com expressivo grau de polifagia, capaz de infestar uma ampla variedade de espécies vegetais envolvendo grandes culturas, hortaliças, plantas ornamentais e plantas daninhas. As plantas daninhas podem atuar como hospedeiros alternativos de mosca-branca, oferecendo oportunidade à manutenção de populações do inseto durante o ano e possibilitando a migração dessa praga entre plantas e diferentes sistemas agrícolas. Nesse sentido, o presente estudo teve por objetivo avaliar a preferência e a performance biológica de B. tabaci MEAM1 em 15 espécies de plantas daninhas abundantes em lavouras brasileiras, além de cinco espécies cultivadas (tomateiro, pimentão, soja, milho e algodoeiro). Para tanto, foram realizados testes de antixenose com e sem chance de escolha, além do acompanhamento da performance dos insetos confinados sobre as espécies de plantas. Além disso, as plantas foram avaliadas quanto à densidade de tricomas e parâmetros colorimétricos, visando identificar fatores físico-morfológicos envolvidos no processo de seleção hospedeira. Os resultados indicaram correlação positiva entre a oviposição de B. tabaci e a densidade de tricomas, correlação negativa entre o número de insetos e os índices L* (luminosidade) e a* (verde), e correlação positiva entre o número de insetos e b* (amarelo). Nos ensaios com chance de escolha, as espécies Solanum lycopersicum, Senna obtusifolia, Glycine max, Emilia sonchifolia e Euphorbia heterophylla foram mais infestadas na média dos períodos de avaliação, diferindo de Spermacoce latifolia, Amaranthus viridis e Richardia brasiliensis que apresentaram as menores médias de insetos. Neste mesmo ensaio, S. lycopersicum e E. sonchifolia revelaram as maiores taxas de oviposição, diferindo da maioria das demais espécies. Em ensaio sem chance de escolha, E. heterophylla, Galinsoga parviflora e S. latifolia se destacaram dos demais materiais, apresentando as maiores taxas de ovos e ninfas por cm². Em ensaio de performance biológica, as espécies Ipomoea grandifolia, S. lycopersicum e E. sonchifolia possibilitaram os menores períodos de desenvolvimento do inseto e elevadas viabilidades ninfais, mostrando-se hospedeiros favoráveis ao desenvolvimento de B. tabaci MEAM1. Os resultados obtidos neste estudo evidenciam o potencial de algumas espécies invasoras como hospedeiras de B. tabaci MEAM1, e podem contribuir para o manejo preventivo de populações dessa praga nas lavouras.
The whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) is one of the most economic important pest to agriculture in global level. Among the criptic species of B. tabaci, Middle East-Asia Minor 1 (MEAM1) stands out as one of the most destructive and distributed throughout the world. It is a sucking insect with expressive level of polyphagia, which is capable to infest a wide variety of vegetal species envolving agricultural crops, vegetables, ornamental and weed plants. Weed species can serve as alternative hosts of the whitefly, offering opportunity to the maintenance of the insect’s population during the year making possible the migration of this pest among plants and different crop systems. Thus, the present study had as objective to assess preference and biological performance of B. tabaci MEAM1 on 15 weed species of frequent occurrence in Brazilian agricultural fields, besides five cultivated species (tomato, bell pepper, soybean, maize and cotton). Therefore, it was performed antixenosis tests with free and no-coice, as well as evaluation of performance of the insect confined on these plant species. Besides, the plant species were assessed regarding the trichome density and colorimetric parameters, aiming to identify physical-morphological factor involved in host selection process. Our results indicated positive correlation between the oviposition of the whitefly and trichome density, negative correlations between the number of adults and L* (luminosity) and a* (green) indexes, and positive correlation between number of adults and b* (yellow) index. In free choice test, Solanum lycopersicum, Senna obtusifolia, Glycine max, Emilia sonchifolia and Euphorbia heterophylla were the most infested species in the mean of evaluation periods, differing from Spermacoce latifolia, Amaranthus viridis and Richardia brasiliensis, which presented the lowest means of insects. In this same test, S. lycopersicum and E. sonchifolia revealed the highest oviposition rates, differing from most of the species. In no-choice test, E. heterophylla, Galinsoga parviflora and S. latifolia stood out from the other materials, showing the highest eggs and nymphs per cm² rates. In biological performance assay, the species Ipomoea grandifolia, S. lycopersicum and E. sonchifolia provided the shortest development periods and high nymphal viabilities, posing favorable hosts for B. tabaci MEAM1 development. The results of this study show the potential of some invasive plant species as hosts of B. tabaci MEAM1, and may contribute for preventive management of populations of this pest in agricultural fields.
The whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) is one of the most economic important pest to agriculture in global level. Among the criptic species of B. tabaci, Middle East-Asia Minor 1 (MEAM1) stands out as one of the most destructive and distributed throughout the world. It is a sucking insect with expressive level of polyphagia, which is capable to infest a wide variety of vegetal species envolving agricultural crops, vegetables, ornamental and weed plants. Weed species can serve as alternative hosts of the whitefly, offering opportunity to the maintenance of the insect’s population during the year making possible the migration of this pest among plants and different crop systems. Thus, the present study had as objective to assess preference and biological performance of B. tabaci MEAM1 on 15 weed species of frequent occurrence in Brazilian agricultural fields, besides five cultivated species (tomato, bell pepper, soybean, maize and cotton). Therefore, it was performed antixenosis tests with free and no-coice, as well as evaluation of performance of the insect confined on these plant species. Besides, the plant species were assessed regarding the trichome density and colorimetric parameters, aiming to identify physical-morphological factor involved in host selection process. Our results indicated positive correlation between the oviposition of the whitefly and trichome density, negative correlations between the number of adults and L* (luminosity) and a* (green) indexes, and positive correlation between number of adults and b* (yellow) index. In free choice test, Solanum lycopersicum, Senna obtusifolia, Glycine max, Emilia sonchifolia and Euphorbia heterophylla were the most infested species in the mean of evaluation periods, differing from Spermacoce latifolia, Amaranthus viridis and Richardia brasiliensis, which presented the lowest means of insects. In this same test, S. lycopersicum and E. sonchifolia revealed the highest oviposition rates, differing from most of the species. In no-choice test, E. heterophylla, Galinsoga parviflora and S. latifolia stood out from the other materials, showing the highest eggs and nymphs per cm² rates. In biological performance assay, the species Ipomoea grandifolia, S. lycopersicum and E. sonchifolia provided the shortest development periods and high nymphal viabilities, posing favorable hosts for B. tabaci MEAM1 development. The results of this study show the potential of some invasive plant species as hosts of B. tabaci MEAM1, and may contribute for preventive management of populations of this pest in agricultural fields.
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Palavras-chave
Bemisia tabaci MEAM1, Plantas daninhas, Mosca-branca, Hospedeiros alternativos, Whitefly, Invasive plants, Alternative hosts, Oviposition