As masculinidades como proposta interventiva com homens autores de violência doméstica: uma abordagem psicoeducativa e reflexiva
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Data
2022-04-29
Autores
Ferrari, Irene Rogatti Portero [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A violência contra a mulher é um grave problema de saúde pública no Brasil que tem sustentado altos índices de ocorrência mesmo com uma legislação específica destinada a coibi-la. Essa violência é multicausal e multidimensional, porém, também expressa o resultado de uma ordem social que foi historicamente fundamentada em relações sociais assimétricas, que conferiram aos homens autorização para exercer seu poder sobre as mulheres a partir da desqualificação do feminino. No entanto, não existe uma dominação masculina exercida por todos os homens de forma irrestrita, de forma que não são todos os homens que estão posicionados hierarquicamente no topo das relações sociais. Da mesma forma, não são todos os homens que se utilizam dos seus privilégios para subjugar e violar as mulheres em seus direitos. Portanto, deve-se estabelecer uma relação entre a violência e certas masculinidades e não com o homem enquanto categoria fechada. A partir disso, este estudo teve como objetivo verificar quais são as masculinidades envolvidas nas violências contra a mulher, de forma que este conhecimento pudesse subsidiar um guia para o trabalho com homens autores de violência doméstica, atendendo as ações previstas nos artigos 22, 35 e 45 da Lei Maria da Penha. Para isso realizou-se um levantamento bibliográfico e uma análise crítica da literatura relevante. Conclui-se que o modelo tradicional de masculinidade construída no Brasil a partir da modernidade esteve vinculado aos símbolos de poder do homem europeu, ou seja, a branquitude e a heterossexualidade, bem como aos ideais viris e burgueses, presentes na imagem do herói e do homem portador do progresso, respectivamente. Estes fatores somados às raízes patriarcais cristãs brasileiras fundamentaram o modelo tradicional da masculinidade baseado na subordinação e hierarquização de gênero. Verificou-se a permanência do modelo tradicional nas masculinidades contemporâneas, seja a partir de um reavivamento dos mitos da masculinidade e do retorno do herói, ou a partir das reatualizações de poder nas masculinidades alternativas. Portanto, é imperativo um trabalho interventivo com homens autores de violência que abordem as masculinidades a partir de eixos que promovam a reflexão acerca dos elementos vinculados à construção da identidade masculina, além de possibilitar a problematização acerca dos seus sentidos e significados, e a desnaturalização de posições e concepções de gênero que recaiam na gramática da violência e opressão da mulher
Violence against women is a serious public health problem in Brazil that has sustained high rates of occurrence even with specific legislation aimed at curbing it. This violence is multicausal and multidimensional. However, it is also the result of a social order that is historically based on asymmetrical social relations, which gives men authorization to exercise their power over women by reducing the importance and social status of the feminine. However, there is no male domination exercised by all men in an unrestricted way. Not all men are hierarchically positioned at the top of social relations. Likewise, not all men use their privileges to subjugate and violate women's rights. Therefore, a relationship must be established between violence and certain masculinities and not with the man as a homogeneous category. From this, this study aimed to verify which masculinities are involved in violence against women, so that this knowledge could subsidize a guide for working with men who committed domestic violence, considering the actions provided for in articles 22, 35 and 22 of the Maria da Penha Law. To achieve this, critical analysis of the relevant literature were carried out. It concludes that the traditional model of masculinity built in Brazil from modernity was linked to the symbols of power of the European man, that is, whiteness and heterosexuality, as well as to virile and bourgeois ideals, present in the image of the hero and the the bearer of progress. These factors, added to the Brazilian Christian patriarchal roots, founded the traditional model of masculinity based on gender subordination and hierarchy. The permanence of the traditional model in contemporary masculinities was verified, whether from a revival of the myths of masculinity and the return of the hero, or from the re-updating of power in alternative masculinities. Therefore, an interventional work with male perpetrators of violence must approach masculinities from axes that promote reflection on the elements linked to the construction of masculine identity. Additionally, it is necessary to adopt interventional practices that enable both the questioning of the meanings of masculinity carried by those perpetrators and the denaturalization of gender positions and conceptions that fall within the grammar of violence and oppression of women.
Violence against women is a serious public health problem in Brazil that has sustained high rates of occurrence even with specific legislation aimed at curbing it. This violence is multicausal and multidimensional. However, it is also the result of a social order that is historically based on asymmetrical social relations, which gives men authorization to exercise their power over women by reducing the importance and social status of the feminine. However, there is no male domination exercised by all men in an unrestricted way. Not all men are hierarchically positioned at the top of social relations. Likewise, not all men use their privileges to subjugate and violate women's rights. Therefore, a relationship must be established between violence and certain masculinities and not with the man as a homogeneous category. From this, this study aimed to verify which masculinities are involved in violence against women, so that this knowledge could subsidize a guide for working with men who committed domestic violence, considering the actions provided for in articles 22, 35 and 22 of the Maria da Penha Law. To achieve this, critical analysis of the relevant literature were carried out. It concludes that the traditional model of masculinity built in Brazil from modernity was linked to the symbols of power of the European man, that is, whiteness and heterosexuality, as well as to virile and bourgeois ideals, present in the image of the hero and the the bearer of progress. These factors, added to the Brazilian Christian patriarchal roots, founded the traditional model of masculinity based on gender subordination and hierarchy. The permanence of the traditional model in contemporary masculinities was verified, whether from a revival of the myths of masculinity and the return of the hero, or from the re-updating of power in alternative masculinities. Therefore, an interventional work with male perpetrators of violence must approach masculinities from axes that promote reflection on the elements linked to the construction of masculine identity. Additionally, it is necessary to adopt interventional practices that enable both the questioning of the meanings of masculinity carried by those perpetrators and the denaturalization of gender positions and conceptions that fall within the grammar of violence and oppression of women.
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Palavras-chave
Masculinidades, Programas de intervenção com homens autores de violência contra a mulher, Violência contra a mulher, Maculinities, Intervention programs with male perpetrators of violence against women, Violence against women