Produtividade de soja e atributos químicos do solo em sucessão à pastos safrinha com consórcio de braquiárias
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Data
2022-07-12
Autores
Batista, Alexandre Ribeiro
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Devido à grande importância mundial da soja e crescente demanda por cultivos mais sustentáveis, a produção desta leguminosa em sistemas de integração lavoura pecuária vem atingindo grande destaque por apresentar excelentes resultados produtivos, com expansão do cultivo, de forma eficiente e sustentável. Diante disso, o objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a produtividade da soja em sucessão a pastos safrinha de braquiárias (Urochloa ruziziensis e Urochloa brizantha BRS Paiaguás), em sistema plantio direto sob integração lavoura-pecuária, e avaliar os efeitos destes sistemas nos atributos químicos do solo. O experimento foi realizado em área localizada no município de Caiuá, na região oeste do Estado de São Paulo. O solo da área experimental é classificado como Latossolo Amarelo distrófico textura arenosa. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados com quatro repetições e seis tratamentos: 1- Pasto safrinha de U. ruziziensis; 2- Pasto safrinha consorciado (33% U. ruziziensis + 67% Paiaguás); 3- Pasto safrinha consorciado (50% U. ruziziensis + 50% Paiaguás); 4- Pasto safrinha consorciado (67% U. ruziziensis + 33% Paiaguás); 5- Pousio na safrinha (cultivo em plantio direto); 6- Pousio na safrinha (preparo convencional do solo). Foram avaliadas a população de plantas e produtividade de grãos, e os atributos químicos do solo nas camadas de 0 a 0,10; 0,10 a 0,20 e 0,20 a 0,40 m. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância e as medias ao teste de Tukey a 5% de significância. Observou-se que nos tratamentos de pastagem safrinha sob plantio direto, a população de plantas foi superior ao tratamento pousio (plantio convencional). A produtividade da soja foi maior nos tratamentos pasto safrinha em comparação com pousio (plantio convencional). Em relação aos atributos químicos do solo, houve diferença significativa entre os tratamentos, apresentando variações nos teores de matéria orgânica, cálcio, potássio, soma de bases trocáveis, capacidade de troca catiônica e saturação por bases. Conclui-se que a produtividade de grãos da soja foi beneficiada pelo uso antecessor de pastos safrinhas, com efeitos semelhantes entre o cultivo de U. ruziziensis solteira e consorciada com U. brizantha BRS Paiaguás em diferentes proporções. O uso dos pastos safrinhas influenciou os atributos químicos como teor de matéria orgânica, teor de cálcio e potássio, soma de bases, saturação por base e capacidade de troca catiônica do solo com cultivo de Ruziziensis solteira e consorciada com Paiaguás no sistema Boi safrinha.
Due to the great importance worldwide of soybean and growing demand for more sustainable crops, the production of this crop farming integration systems has reached great prominence for presenting excellent results, allowing the expansion of cultivation, in an efficient and sustainable way. Therefore, the objective of this work was to evaluate soybean yield in succession to off season pasture of brachiaria (Urochloa ruziziensis and Urochloa brizantha BRS Paiaguás), in no-tillage system under crop-livestock integration, and to evaluate the effects of these systems on soil chemical attributes. The experiment was carried out in an area located in the municipality of Caiuá, São Paulo State, Brazil. The soil of the experimental area is classified as oxisol sandy texture. The experimental design was randomized blocks with four replications and six treatments: 1- Pasture of U. ruziziensis; 2- Consorted pasture (33% U. ruziziensis + 67% Paiaguás); 3- Consorted pasture (50% U. ruziziensis + 50% Paiaguás); 4- Consorted pasture (67% U. ruziziensis + 33% Paiaguás); 5- Pousius (no-tillage cultivation); 6- Pousius (conventional tillage of the soil). Grain yield and soybean plant population and soil chemical attributes were evaluated. The data were submitted to variance analysis to the Tukey test at 5% significance. It was observed that in the treatments of pasture under no-tillage, the plant population was higher to the pousius treatment (conventional planting). Soybean yield was higher in pasture treatments compared to pousium (conventional planting). Regarding soil chemical attributes, there was a significant difference between treatments, presenting variations in the contests of organic metter, calcium, potassium, sum of exchangeable bases, cation exchange capacity and base saturation. It was concluded that soybean grain vield was benefited by the predecessor use of pastures, with similar effects between the cultivation of single U. ruziziensis and concropioned with U. brizantha BRS Paiaguás in different proportions. The use of safrinhas pastures influenced chemical attributes such as organic matter content, calcium and potassium content, sum of bases, base saturation and cation exchange capacity of soils with cultivation of single Ruziziensis safrinha pastures and concropided with Paiaguás in the Boi safrinha system.
Due to the great importance worldwide of soybean and growing demand for more sustainable crops, the production of this crop farming integration systems has reached great prominence for presenting excellent results, allowing the expansion of cultivation, in an efficient and sustainable way. Therefore, the objective of this work was to evaluate soybean yield in succession to off season pasture of brachiaria (Urochloa ruziziensis and Urochloa brizantha BRS Paiaguás), in no-tillage system under crop-livestock integration, and to evaluate the effects of these systems on soil chemical attributes. The experiment was carried out in an area located in the municipality of Caiuá, São Paulo State, Brazil. The soil of the experimental area is classified as oxisol sandy texture. The experimental design was randomized blocks with four replications and six treatments: 1- Pasture of U. ruziziensis; 2- Consorted pasture (33% U. ruziziensis + 67% Paiaguás); 3- Consorted pasture (50% U. ruziziensis + 50% Paiaguás); 4- Consorted pasture (67% U. ruziziensis + 33% Paiaguás); 5- Pousius (no-tillage cultivation); 6- Pousius (conventional tillage of the soil). Grain yield and soybean plant population and soil chemical attributes were evaluated. The data were submitted to variance analysis to the Tukey test at 5% significance. It was observed that in the treatments of pasture under no-tillage, the plant population was higher to the pousius treatment (conventional planting). Soybean yield was higher in pasture treatments compared to pousium (conventional planting). Regarding soil chemical attributes, there was a significant difference between treatments, presenting variations in the contests of organic metter, calcium, potassium, sum of exchangeable bases, cation exchange capacity and base saturation. It was concluded that soybean grain vield was benefited by the predecessor use of pastures, with similar effects between the cultivation of single U. ruziziensis and concropioned with U. brizantha BRS Paiaguás in different proportions. The use of safrinhas pastures influenced chemical attributes such as organic matter content, calcium and potassium content, sum of bases, base saturation and cation exchange capacity of soils with cultivation of single Ruziziensis safrinha pastures and concropided with Paiaguás in the Boi safrinha system.
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Palavras-chave
Urochloa, Glycine max, Mistura de forrageiras, Plantio direto, Entressafra, Boi safrinha, Forage mixture, Off-season