Proteína hidrolisada de fígado suíno em dietas para alevinos de dourado (Salminus brasiliensis) e tilápia-do-Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus)
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Data
2022-05-31
Autores
Gomes, Ricácio Luan Marques [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Ingredientes inovadores desenvolvidos por processos biotecnológicos como as proteínas hidrolisadas produzidas por meio da hidrólise enzimática a partir de coprodutos agroindustriais de origem animal propiciam peptídeos bioativos que exercem funções essenciais no metabolismo do animal. Foram realizados dois experimentos com o objetivo de avaliar níveis crescentes de proteína hidrolisada de fígado suíno (PHFS) por meio do desempenho produtivo de alevinos de tilápia-do-Nilo e no comportamento alimentar dos alevinos de dourado e tilápia-do-Nilo. Para tanto, foram elaboradas seis dietas, sendo uma ração controle contendo farinha de peixe (FPE) e outras cinco dietas com níveis de inclusão da PHFS (1,0; 2,0; 3,0; 4,0 e 5,0%), para os respectivos ensaios experimentais. No primeiro experimento, foram utilizados 480 alevinos de tilápia-do-Nilo com peso médio de (0,80±0,07 g), distribuídos em 24 tanques (70 litros), em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado com seis tratamentos e quatro repetições. Peixes que receberam a suplementação de PHFS apresentaram maior sobrevivência (P<0,05) em comparação com os peixes alimentados com a dieta controle. Com base na regressão polinomial de segunda ordem, os melhores resultados de peso final, ganho em peso, conversão alimentar aparente e taxa de crescimento específico foram obtidos nos peixes que receberam as dietas contendo 2,02%; 2,91%; 2,91% e 2,31% de PHFS, respectivamente. Foram encontradas diferenças (P<0,05) entre os tratamentos para o peso final, ganho em peso, ganho em peso diário, taxa de crescimento específico, conversão alimentar aparente, custo da ração, custo do milheiro e receita líquida. Não foram observadas diferenças (P>0,05) para as variáveis de composição centesimal, crescimento muscular, tecido hepático, microvilosidade intestinal e custo de alevinos. Conclui-se, que a PHFS pode ser utilizado eficientemente pela tilápia-do-Nilo. Recomenda-se a inclusão de 2,91% de PHFS em dietas para a fase inicial de criação. No segundo experimento, foram utilizados 12 alevinos de tilápia-do-Nilo (2,80 ± 0,17 g), e 12 alevinos de dourado (7,89 ± 1,05 g). Para ambos os modelos biológicos, os peixes foram distribuídos em 12 aquários com volume de 10 litros, num delineamento experimental em quadrado latino com duas medidas repetidas (manhã e tarde). Os animais passaram por um período de adaptação e treinamento de dez dias para que os peixes se adaptassem a presença humana, para o registro do comportamento alimentar, quantificação de pelete até a saciedade aparente, e horários de alimentação e manejo dos aquários. Os peixes foram alimentados duas vezes ao dia, para cada alimentação ao longo do dia foram fornecidos 20 peletes por peixe e o ensaio teve duração de seis dias. Em ambos os ensaios, foram observados os comportamentos alimentares referentes ao número de peletes consumidos, número de rejeição do pelete após a captura, número de aproximação sem haver a captura do pelete e tempo de captura do primeiro pelete (s). Foram estabelecidos um período de três minutos de filmagens para cada alimentação realizada com uma câmera digital. Não foram observadas diferenças (P>0,05) para os comportamentos alimentares. As dietas contendo PHFS proporcionam um índice de palatabilidade positivo para as respectivas espécies. Conclui-se que o uso da PHFS apresenta compostos químicos solúveis em água, atraindo os alevinos de dourado e tilápia-do-Nilo ao alimento, e a uma maior ingestão por parte dos animais. Recomenda-se a inclusão de 5% de PHFS para ambas as espécies.
Innovative ingredients developed by biotechnological processes such as hydrolyzed proteins produced through enzymatic hydrolysis from agro-industrial by-products of animal origin provide bioactive peptides that play essential roles in the animal's metabolism. Two experiments were carried out with the objective of evaluating increasing levels of swine liver hydrolysate protein (PHFS) through the productive performance of Nile tilapia fingerlings and on the feeding behavior of dourado and Nile tilapia fingerlings. For that, six diets were elaborated, being a control diet containing fish meal (FPE) and other five diets with PHFS inclusion levels (1.0; 2.0; 3.0; 4.0 and 5.0% ), for the respective experimental tests. In the first experiment, 480 Nile tilapia fingerlings with an average weight of (0.80±0.07 g) were distributed in 24 tanks (70 liters), in a completely randomized design with six treatments and four replications. Fish that received PHFS supplementation showed greater survival (P<0.05) compared to fish fed the control diet. Based on second-order polynomial regression, the best results for final weight, weight gain, apparent feed conversion and specific growth rate were obtained in fish that received diets containing 2.02%; 2.91%; 2.91% and 2.31% of PHFS, respectively. Differences (P<0.05) were found between treatments for final weight, weight gain, daily weight gain, specific growth rate, apparent feed conversion, feed cost, cost per thousand and net income. There were no differences (P>0.05) for the variables of proximate composition, muscle growth, liver tissue, intestinal microvilli and fingerling cost. It is concluded that PHFS can be used efficiently by Nile tilapia. The inclusion of 2.91% PHFS in diets for the initial rearing phase is recommended. In the second experiment, 12 Nile tilapia fingerlings (2.80 ± 0.17 g) and 12 dourado fingerlings (7.89 ± 1.05 g) were used. For both biological models, the fish were distributed in 12 aquariums with a volume of 10 liters, in a Latin square experimental design with two repeated measurements (morning and afternoon). The animals underwent a period of adaptation and training of ten days for the fish to adapt to human presence, to record feeding behavior, quantification of pellets until apparent satiety, and feeding schedules and aquarium management. The fish were fed twice a day, for each feeding throughout the day, 20 pellets were provided per fish and the trial lasted six days. In both trials, feeding behavior was observed regarding the number of pellets consumed, number of pellet rejection after capture, approximation number without pellet capture and time of capture of the first pellet (s). A period of three minutes of filming was established for each feeding performed with a digital camera. No differences (P>0.05) were observed for eating behaviors. Diets containing PHFS provide a positive palatability index for the respective species. It is concluded that the use of PHFS presents chemical compounds soluble in water, attracting the gold and Nile tilapia fingerlings to the food, and to a greater ingestion by the animals. The inclusion of 5% PHFS is recommended for both species.
Innovative ingredients developed by biotechnological processes such as hydrolyzed proteins produced through enzymatic hydrolysis from agro-industrial by-products of animal origin provide bioactive peptides that play essential roles in the animal's metabolism. Two experiments were carried out with the objective of evaluating increasing levels of swine liver hydrolysate protein (PHFS) through the productive performance of Nile tilapia fingerlings and on the feeding behavior of dourado and Nile tilapia fingerlings. For that, six diets were elaborated, being a control diet containing fish meal (FPE) and other five diets with PHFS inclusion levels (1.0; 2.0; 3.0; 4.0 and 5.0% ), for the respective experimental tests. In the first experiment, 480 Nile tilapia fingerlings with an average weight of (0.80±0.07 g) were distributed in 24 tanks (70 liters), in a completely randomized design with six treatments and four replications. Fish that received PHFS supplementation showed greater survival (P<0.05) compared to fish fed the control diet. Based on second-order polynomial regression, the best results for final weight, weight gain, apparent feed conversion and specific growth rate were obtained in fish that received diets containing 2.02%; 2.91%; 2.91% and 2.31% of PHFS, respectively. Differences (P<0.05) were found between treatments for final weight, weight gain, daily weight gain, specific growth rate, apparent feed conversion, feed cost, cost per thousand and net income. There were no differences (P>0.05) for the variables of proximate composition, muscle growth, liver tissue, intestinal microvilli and fingerling cost. It is concluded that PHFS can be used efficiently by Nile tilapia. The inclusion of 2.91% PHFS in diets for the initial rearing phase is recommended. In the second experiment, 12 Nile tilapia fingerlings (2.80 ± 0.17 g) and 12 dourado fingerlings (7.89 ± 1.05 g) were used. For both biological models, the fish were distributed in 12 aquariums with a volume of 10 liters, in a Latin square experimental design with two repeated measurements (morning and afternoon). The animals underwent a period of adaptation and training of ten days for the fish to adapt to human presence, to record feeding behavior, quantification of pellets until apparent satiety, and feeding schedules and aquarium management. The fish were fed twice a day, for each feeding throughout the day, 20 pellets were provided per fish and the trial lasted six days. In both trials, feeding behavior was observed regarding the number of pellets consumed, number of pellet rejection after capture, approximation number without pellet capture and time of capture of the first pellet (s). A period of three minutes of filming was established for each feeding performed with a digital camera. No differences (P>0.05) were observed for eating behaviors. Diets containing PHFS provide a positive palatability index for the respective species. It is concluded that the use of PHFS presents chemical compounds soluble in water, attracting the gold and Nile tilapia fingerlings to the food, and to a greater ingestion by the animals. The inclusion of 5% PHFS is recommended for both species.
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Palavras-chave
Coprodutos agroindustriais, Hidrólise enzimática, Nutrição animal, Comportamento alimentar, Alimentação e rações