Floresta urbana: microclimas e conforto térmico em fragmentos do cerrado e da floresta estacional semidecidual
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Data
2022-03-29
Autores
Silva, Luiz Fernando Nogueira
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
RESUMO As floresta urbanas podem contribuir para a criação de espaços mais agradáveis ao convívio humano e constituir espaços de resiliência frente ao sobreaquecimento urbano, intensificado pelas mudanças do clima. Nesse contexto, este trabalho visa identificar os microclimas e as condições de conforto térmico em uma floresta urbana, constituída por fragmentos do Cerrado e da Floresta Estacional Semidecidual, com o objetivo de verificar se existem diferenças significativas entre os dois fragmentos e também entre eles e local externo a floresta (dados do Centro de Meteorologia de Bauru – IPMet). Para isso, a pesquisa foi conduzida no percurso da trilha do Jardim Botânico de Bauru-SP, que possui fragmentos com esses dois tipos de mata, através do monitoramento das variáveis temperatura do ar, temperatura de globo (necessário ao cálculo do índice PET- Temperatura Fisiológica Equivalente), velocidade do ar e umidade relativa do ar, além do levantamento do Fator de Visão do Céu (FVC). Nas condições de tempo “quente e úmido”, a floresta urbana contribuiu para redução máxima de até 2,8 °C na temperatura do ar e aumento de 17,5 % de umidade relativa do ar em relação ao IPMet, com redução microclimática média de 0,5 e 1,8 °C nos fragmentos do Cerrado e Floresta Estacional Semidecidua, respectivamente; diferenças entre os valores máximo do índice PET de até 1,5 °C entre os fragmentos (25,2 – 32,5 °C no Cerrado e 25,5 – 31 °C na Floresta Estacional). No período “quente e seco”, a floresta urbana contribuiu para uma redução máxima de até 1,2 °C na temperatura do ar e aumento de 13,2 % de umidade relativa do ar em relação ao IPMet, com redução das temperaturas média de 0,9 e 1,5 °C nos fragmentos do Cerrado e Floresta Estacional Semidecidua, respectivamente; diferenças entre os valores máximo do índice PET de até 3,8 °C entre os fragmentos (21,1 – 35,7 °C no Cerrado e 21,4 – 32,3 °C na Floresta Estacional). O Tratamento estatístico dos dados evidenciou diferenças significativas entre todos os locais avaliados no período quente e úmido. No entanto, no período quente e seco, as diferenças foram entre os dois fragmentos de mata e apenas entre a Floresta Estacional Semidecidual e o IPMet. Palavras-chaves: Microclimas urbanos, Conforto térmico, fragmentos florestais.
ABSTRACT Urban forests can contribute to the creation of more pleasant spaces for human coexistence and constitute spaces of resilience in the face of urban overheating, intensified by climate change. In this context, this work aims to identify the microclimates and conditions of thermal comfort in an urban forest, consisting of fragments of the Cerrado and the Seasonal Semideciduous Forest, with the objective of verifying whether there are significant differences between the two fragments and also between them and the location outside the forest (data from the Bauru Meteorology Center – IPMet). For this, the research was conducted along the trail of the Botanical Garden of Bauru-SP, which has fragments with these two types of forest, by monitoring the variables air temperature, globe temperature (necessary to calculate the PET-Temperature Equivalent Physiological), air velocity and relative humidity, in addition to the Sky View Factor (FVC) survey. In “hot and humid” weather conditions, the urban forest contributed to a maximum reduction of up to 2.8 °C in air temperature and an increase of 17.5 % in relative humidity in relation to IPMet, with an average microclimatic reduction of 0.5 and 1.8 °C in the Cerrado and Semideciduous Seasonal Forest fragments, respectively; differences between the maximum values of the PET index of up to 1.5 °C between the fragments (25.2 – 32.5 °C in the Cerrado and 25.5 – 31 °C in the Seasonal Forest). In the “hot and dry” period, the urban forest contributed to a maximum reduction of up to 1.2 °C in air temperature and an increase of 13.2 % in relative humidity in relation to IPMet, with a reduction in average temperatures of 0.9 and 1.5 °C in the Cerrado and Semideciduous Seasonal Forest fragments, respectively; differences between the maximum values of the PET index of up to 3.8 °C between the fragments (21.1 – 35.7 °C in the Cerrado and 21.4 – 32.3 °C in the Seasonal Forest). The statistical treatment of the data showed significant differences between all sites evaluated in the hot and humid period. However, in the hot and dry period, the differences were between the two forest fragments and only between the semideciduous seasonal forest and the IPMet. Keywords: Urban microclimates, Thermal comfort, forest fragments
ABSTRACT Urban forests can contribute to the creation of more pleasant spaces for human coexistence and constitute spaces of resilience in the face of urban overheating, intensified by climate change. In this context, this work aims to identify the microclimates and conditions of thermal comfort in an urban forest, consisting of fragments of the Cerrado and the Seasonal Semideciduous Forest, with the objective of verifying whether there are significant differences between the two fragments and also between them and the location outside the forest (data from the Bauru Meteorology Center – IPMet). For this, the research was conducted along the trail of the Botanical Garden of Bauru-SP, which has fragments with these two types of forest, by monitoring the variables air temperature, globe temperature (necessary to calculate the PET-Temperature Equivalent Physiological), air velocity and relative humidity, in addition to the Sky View Factor (FVC) survey. In “hot and humid” weather conditions, the urban forest contributed to a maximum reduction of up to 2.8 °C in air temperature and an increase of 17.5 % in relative humidity in relation to IPMet, with an average microclimatic reduction of 0.5 and 1.8 °C in the Cerrado and Semideciduous Seasonal Forest fragments, respectively; differences between the maximum values of the PET index of up to 1.5 °C between the fragments (25.2 – 32.5 °C in the Cerrado and 25.5 – 31 °C in the Seasonal Forest). In the “hot and dry” period, the urban forest contributed to a maximum reduction of up to 1.2 °C in air temperature and an increase of 13.2 % in relative humidity in relation to IPMet, with a reduction in average temperatures of 0.9 and 1.5 °C in the Cerrado and Semideciduous Seasonal Forest fragments, respectively; differences between the maximum values of the PET index of up to 3.8 °C between the fragments (21.1 – 35.7 °C in the Cerrado and 21.4 – 32.3 °C in the Seasonal Forest). The statistical treatment of the data showed significant differences between all sites evaluated in the hot and humid period. However, in the hot and dry period, the differences were between the two forest fragments and only between the semideciduous seasonal forest and the IPMet. Keywords: Urban microclimates, Thermal comfort, forest fragments
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Palavras-chave
Microclimas urbanos, Conforto térmico, Fragmentos florestais, Urban microclimates, Thermal comfort, Forest fragments