Taxonomia integrativa de helmintos de javalis (Sus scrofa)
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Data
2022-02-21
Autores
Perin, Patricia Parreira
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O javali é uma espécie invasora e seu abate foi autorizado e regulamentado no Brasil em 2013. A investigação do perfil sanitário e epidemiológico destas populações no país é uma das ações previstas para o de controle e monitoramento da espécie. Os parasitas estão frequentemente relacionados ao sucesso e à gravidade das invasões biológicas e a taxonomia integrativa tem se tornado uma das práticas mais aceitas para caracterizar espécies de helmintos. Sendo assim, objetivou-se identificar os helmintos encontrados em javalis asselvajados por meio da utilização de caracteres morfológicos e inferências filogenéticas baseadas em três marcadores moleculares. Sessenta e um javalis foram abatidos no norte do Estado de São Paulo e helmintos foram recuperadas dos tratos gastrointestinal e urinário. A partir da análise morfológica e da inferência filogenética bayesiana dos genes 18S rRNA e 28S rRNA e do espaçador interno transcrito (ITS), as seis espécies de nematódeos foram identificadas como Ascarops strongylina, Strongyloides ransomi, Globocephalus urosubulatus, Oesophagostomum dentatum, Trichuris suis e Stephanurus dentatus e a espécie de acantocéfalo foi identificada como Macracanthorhynchus hirudinaceus. Traz-se descrições morfológicas detalhadas de todas as sete espécies e sequências de pelo menos um gene de interesse taxonômico de todas elas, bem como cinco sequências inéditas, três de G. urosubulatus (genes 18S e 28S e região ITS rDNA), duas de A. strongylina (genes 18S e 28S rDNA) e uma de S. dentatus (região ITS rDNA). Estes resultados sugerem que as populações asselvajadas de javalis do Estado de São Paulo mantiveram alguns dos seus parasitas típicos comuns a suínos e não atuaram como hospedeiros de captura de nenhuma espécie nativa da região Neotropical.
The wild boar is an invasive species and its slaughter was authorized and regulated in Brazil in 2013. The investigation of the sanitary and epidemiological profile of these populations in the country is one of the actions planned for the control and monitoring of the species. Parasites are often associated to the success and severity of biological invasions, and integrative taxonomy has become one of the most accepted practices to characterize parasitic helminth species. Therefore, we aimed asses the diversity of helminths found in wild boars and to obtain gene sequences of taxonomic interest for these parasites. Sixty-one wild boars were slaughtered in the northern region of São Paulo state and helminths were recovered from the gastrointestinal and urinary tracts. From morphological analysis and Bayesian phylogenetic inference of the 18S rRNA and 28S rRNA genes and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, the six Nematoda species were identified as Ascarops strongylina, Strongyloides ransomi, Globocephalus urosubulatus, Oesophagostomum dentatum, Trichuris suis and Stephanurus dentatus and the Acanthocephala species was identified as Macracanthorhynchus hirudinaceus. We present detailed morphometric data for all seven helminth species and sequences of at least one gene of taxonomic interest from all of them, as well as five novel sequences, three from G. urosubulatus (18S and 28S rDNA genes and ITS region), two from A. strongylina (18S and 28S rDNA genes), and one from S. dentatus (ITS rDNA region). These results suggest that the sylvatic populations of wild boar in São Paulo State have maintained their typical parasites common to pigs and have not acted as capture hosts for any species native to the Neotropical region.
The wild boar is an invasive species and its slaughter was authorized and regulated in Brazil in 2013. The investigation of the sanitary and epidemiological profile of these populations in the country is one of the actions planned for the control and monitoring of the species. Parasites are often associated to the success and severity of biological invasions, and integrative taxonomy has become one of the most accepted practices to characterize parasitic helminth species. Therefore, we aimed asses the diversity of helminths found in wild boars and to obtain gene sequences of taxonomic interest for these parasites. Sixty-one wild boars were slaughtered in the northern region of São Paulo state and helminths were recovered from the gastrointestinal and urinary tracts. From morphological analysis and Bayesian phylogenetic inference of the 18S rRNA and 28S rRNA genes and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, the six Nematoda species were identified as Ascarops strongylina, Strongyloides ransomi, Globocephalus urosubulatus, Oesophagostomum dentatum, Trichuris suis and Stephanurus dentatus and the Acanthocephala species was identified as Macracanthorhynchus hirudinaceus. We present detailed morphometric data for all seven helminth species and sequences of at least one gene of taxonomic interest from all of them, as well as five novel sequences, three from G. urosubulatus (18S and 28S rDNA genes and ITS region), two from A. strongylina (18S and 28S rDNA genes), and one from S. dentatus (ITS rDNA region). These results suggest that the sylvatic populations of wild boar in São Paulo State have maintained their typical parasites common to pigs and have not acted as capture hosts for any species native to the Neotropical region.
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Palavras-chave
Acantocephala, Javali, Nematoda, Wild boar, Saúde animal, Fauna nativa