Implementação da produção industrial de conídios de Metarhizium rileyi em Moçambique
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Data
2022-07-07
Autores
Presse, Isac
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Metarhizium rileyi é um fungo entomopatogênico mundialmente empregado no controle biológico de pragas agrícolas. No continente africano, onde a presença de pragas na lavoura é responsável por grandes perdas de produção, este fungo foi inicialmente empregado no Benin, mas até os dias atuais poucos países desfrutam desta tecnologia. Sendo assim, este trabalho tem como objetivo propor a implantação de fábricas para a produção de conídios de M. rileyi para o combate às pragas das lavouras de milho em Moçambique, que é a principal cultura de subsistência do país. Para tanto, foi feita uma caracterização da agricultura dos países do sudeste africano, região de Moçambique, com enfoque na produção e produtividade das principais culturas agrícolas. Para Moçambique, será avaliada a distribuição das principais culturas nas regiões do país, bem como o tamanho das propriedades e causas de perdas. Para o milho, serão avaliados históricos de produção, produtividade, área plantada por regiões e principais pragas. A partir destas informações, foram estabelecidas estratégias de implantação das biofábricas, visando aplicar conídios do fungo em toda a área plantada de milho. O modelo de produção dos conídios será o de cultivo em estado sólido em embalagens plásticas, tendo arroz como substrato, e serão definidos o número de biofábricas e sua localização, baseado no potencial mercado consumidor e de fornecimento do substrato. Foi realizada uma análise do investimento inicial necessário, assim como os custos de produção e de distribuição dos conídios para estabelecer a viabilidade do empreendimento. Das informações coletadas, constatou-se que a área plantada de milho em Moçambique é de 1.847.908 ha, com baixa produtividade, 0,81 t/ha, quando comparada com a de países vizinhos. As propriedades rurais são pequenas em sua grande maioria, sendo 96,4 % com área inferior a 5 ha. O principal inseto causador de perdas nas lavouras de milho é do gênero Spodoptera, susceptível ao controle por M. rileyi. Para a implantação de biofábricas no país, a quantidade de arroz e de conídios necessária para tratamento de toda a área de cultivo do milho foi estimada, considerando-se a necessidade de 1012 conídios/ha, o que representa cerca de 50 g conídio/ha. Sendo assim, serão necessárias cerca de 1847,91 toneladas de arroz para a produção anual, e são necessárias aproximadamente 92,40 t por ano de conídios. As províncias de Zambézia, Nampula e Tete, concentram cerca da metade das terras cultivadas no país, e, baseando-se na logística de transporte de substrato e produto, é proposta uma planta industrial, com a capacidade de processando 6 t/ dia de arroz. As despesas de capital (CAPEX) da planta foram estimadas em US$ 892 639,01, enquanto que as despesas operacionais e de manutenção (OPEX) em US$ 3 560 283,00 e, através de uma análise econômico foram estimados os principais indicadores econômicos, dentre os quais um pay-back de 1,18 anos.
Metarhizium rileyi is an entomopathogenic fungus used worldwide in the biological control of agricultural pests. On the African continent, where the presence of pests in the crop is responsible for large production losses, this fungus was initially used in Benin, but to this day few countries enjoy this technology. Thus, this work aims to propose the implementation of factories for the production of M. rileyi conidia to combat the pests of corn crops in Mozambique, which is the main subsistence crop in the country. Therefore, a characterization of the agriculture of the countries of Southeast Africa, Mozambique region, will be made, focusing on the production and productivity of the main agricultural crops. For Mozambique, the distribution of the main crops in the regions of the country will be evaluated, as well as the size of the properties and causes of losses. For corn, historical production, productivity, area planted by regions and main pests will be evaluated. Based on this information, strategies for the implementation of biofactories will be established, aiming to apply fungus conidia throughout the planted area of corn. The model of production of conidia will be that of solid-state cultivation in plastic packaging, with rice as a substrate, and the number of biofactories and their locations will be defined, based on the potential consumer market and supply of the substrate. An analysis of the initial investment required will be carried out, as well as the costs of production and distribution of the spores to establish the viability of the project. From the information collected, it was found that the planted area of corn in Mozambique is 1.847.908 ha, with low productivity, 0.81 t/ha, when compared to that of neighboring countries. The vast majority of rural properties are small, with 96.4% with an area of less than 5 ha. The main insect causing losses in corn crops is of the genus Spodoptera, susceptible to control by M. rileyi. The vast majority of rural properties are small, with 96.4% with an area of less than 5 ha. The main insect causing losses in corn crops is of the genus Spodoptera, susceptible to control by M. rileyi. For the implementation of biofactories in the country, the amount of rice and conidia needed for the treatment of the entire corn cultivation area was estimated, considering the need for 1012 conidia/ha, which represents about 50 g conidia/ha. Therefore, it will take about 1847,91 tons of rice for annual production for the production of approximately 92,40 tons per year of conidia. The provinces of Zambezia, Nampula and Tete, concentrate about half of the cultivated land in the country, and, based on the logistics of substrate and product transport, an industrial plant is proposed, with the capacity to process 6 tons/day of rice. The capital expenditures (CAPEX) of the plant were estimated at US$ 892 639,01, while operating and maintenance expenses (OPEX) at US$ 3 560 283,00 and, through an economic analysis, the main economic indicators were estimated, among Which a 1.18 year pay-back
Metarhizium rileyi is an entomopathogenic fungus used worldwide in the biological control of agricultural pests. On the African continent, where the presence of pests in the crop is responsible for large production losses, this fungus was initially used in Benin, but to this day few countries enjoy this technology. Thus, this work aims to propose the implementation of factories for the production of M. rileyi conidia to combat the pests of corn crops in Mozambique, which is the main subsistence crop in the country. Therefore, a characterization of the agriculture of the countries of Southeast Africa, Mozambique region, will be made, focusing on the production and productivity of the main agricultural crops. For Mozambique, the distribution of the main crops in the regions of the country will be evaluated, as well as the size of the properties and causes of losses. For corn, historical production, productivity, area planted by regions and main pests will be evaluated. Based on this information, strategies for the implementation of biofactories will be established, aiming to apply fungus conidia throughout the planted area of corn. The model of production of conidia will be that of solid-state cultivation in plastic packaging, with rice as a substrate, and the number of biofactories and their locations will be defined, based on the potential consumer market and supply of the substrate. An analysis of the initial investment required will be carried out, as well as the costs of production and distribution of the spores to establish the viability of the project. From the information collected, it was found that the planted area of corn in Mozambique is 1.847.908 ha, with low productivity, 0.81 t/ha, when compared to that of neighboring countries. The vast majority of rural properties are small, with 96.4% with an area of less than 5 ha. The main insect causing losses in corn crops is of the genus Spodoptera, susceptible to control by M. rileyi. The vast majority of rural properties are small, with 96.4% with an area of less than 5 ha. The main insect causing losses in corn crops is of the genus Spodoptera, susceptible to control by M. rileyi. For the implementation of biofactories in the country, the amount of rice and conidia needed for the treatment of the entire corn cultivation area was estimated, considering the need for 1012 conidia/ha, which represents about 50 g conidia/ha. Therefore, it will take about 1847,91 tons of rice for annual production for the production of approximately 92,40 tons per year of conidia. The provinces of Zambezia, Nampula and Tete, concentrate about half of the cultivated land in the country, and, based on the logistics of substrate and product transport, an industrial plant is proposed, with the capacity to process 6 tons/day of rice. The capital expenditures (CAPEX) of the plant were estimated at US$ 892 639,01, while operating and maintenance expenses (OPEX) at US$ 3 560 283,00 and, through an economic analysis, the main economic indicators were estimated, among Which a 1.18 year pay-back
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Palavras-chave
Controle biológico, Metarhizium rileyi, Milho, Biofábrica, Análise econômica, Biological control, Corn, Biofactory, Economic analysis