Investigação da presença de Leishmania spp. e Trypanosoma cruzi em pequenos mamíferos silvestres no município de Botucatu, São Paulo
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Data
2022-08-26
Autores
Rodrigues, Larissa Pereira
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Problemas ecológicos envolvendo a destruição da fauna e da flora são consequências da crescente urbanização, promovendo maior contato com animais sinantrópicos, possibilitando a emergência ou reemergência de zoonoses como leishmanioses e doença de Chagas. O papel dos mamíferos silvestres como potenciais reservatórios tem sido discutido. Espécies silvestres de ordens distintas como gambás (Didelphis spp.) e roedores já se apresentam como potenciais reservatórios de Leishmania spp. e Trypanosoma cruzi. O presente estudo teve como objetivo diagnosticar pequenos mamíferos com protozoários causadores das leishmanioses e/ou doença de Chagas, por meio de técnicas moleculares. O estudo foi desenvolvido em Botucatu, São Paulo e foram amostrados fragmentos de vegetação natural nas Fazendas Experimentais Edgárdia e Lageado. Para captura dos animais de vida livre foram utilizadas armadilhas de interceptação e queda, Shermans e Tomahawks, além de animais resgatados em domicílios e cedidos pela Vigilância Ambiental em Saúde (VAS) de Botucatu. Foram capturados 51 indivíduos de seis gêneros em campo (Didelphis albiventris e Gracilinanus microtarsus, Akodon sp., Juliomys ossitenius, Juliomys pictipes, Necromys lasiurus, Oecomys catherinae, Oligoryzomys nigripes) e 65 cedidos pela VAS (Didelphis albiventris, Guerlinguetus aestuans e Lutreolina crasicaudata), totalizando 115 animais pertencentes às ordens Didelmorphia e Rodentia. Os animais foram identificados, tiveram material biológico coletado, e após os procedimentos, encaminhados para a soltura em locais adequados. A partir do material coletado foi realizada a extração de DNA e PCRs empregando primers específicos previamente avaliados em testes de sensibilidade a detecção dos patógenos. Todas as amostras obtiveram resultados negativos para a presença de DNA dos agentes causadores de leishmanioses e doença de Chagas, os primers se mostraram para detecção destes patógenos. Ainda que os resultados obtidos neste trabalho não tenham identificado a presença destes protozoários nas amostras analisadas, os pequenos mamíferos foram relatados como reservatórios destes parasitas e a atenção para com esses animais deve se manter sempre ativa.
Ecological problems involving the destruction of fauna and flora are consequences of increasing urbanization, promoting more significant contact with synanthropic animals, and enabling the emergence or reemergence of zoon oses such as leishmaniasis and Chagas disease. The role of Didelphis wild mammals as potential reservoirs has been discussed. Wild species of different orders such as skunks ( spp.) and rodents are already potential reservoirs of Trypano soma cruzi Leishmania spp. and . The present study aimed to diagnose small mammals with protozoa that cause leishmaniasis and/or Chagas disease, using molecular techniques. The study was carried out in Botucatu, São Paulo, and samples were collected in fragments of natural veg etation at the Edgárdia and Lageado Experimental Farms. To capture the freeliving animals, traps and pitfalls, Shermans and Tomahawks were used, in addition to animals rescued from homes and provided by the Environmental Health Surveillance (VAS) of Botuc atu. Fiftyone individuals of six genera were captured in the field (Didelphis albiventris and Gracilinanus microtarsus, Akodon sp., Juliomys ossitenius Oligoryzomys nigripes , Juliomys pictipes , ) and 64 provided by VA aestuans and Lutreolina crasicaudata Necromys lasiurus S ( , Oecomys catherinae Didelphis albiventris , , Guerlinguetus ), totalling 115 animals belonging to the Didelmorphia and Rodentia orders. The animals were identified, had biological material collected, and after the procedures, they were released in appropriate places. DNA extraction and PCRs were performed using specific primers that underwent sensitivity tests from the collected material. All samples obtained negative results for the presence of DNA of the causative agents of leishmanias is and Chagas disease, the primers were shown to detect these pathogens. Although the results obtained in this work did not identify the presence of these protozoa in the analyzed samples, small mammals were reported as reservoirs of these parasites and at tention to these animals must always remain active
Ecological problems involving the destruction of fauna and flora are consequences of increasing urbanization, promoting more significant contact with synanthropic animals, and enabling the emergence or reemergence of zoon oses such as leishmaniasis and Chagas disease. The role of Didelphis wild mammals as potential reservoirs has been discussed. Wild species of different orders such as skunks ( spp.) and rodents are already potential reservoirs of Trypano soma cruzi Leishmania spp. and . The present study aimed to diagnose small mammals with protozoa that cause leishmaniasis and/or Chagas disease, using molecular techniques. The study was carried out in Botucatu, São Paulo, and samples were collected in fragments of natural veg etation at the Edgárdia and Lageado Experimental Farms. To capture the freeliving animals, traps and pitfalls, Shermans and Tomahawks were used, in addition to animals rescued from homes and provided by the Environmental Health Surveillance (VAS) of Botuc atu. Fiftyone individuals of six genera were captured in the field (Didelphis albiventris and Gracilinanus microtarsus, Akodon sp., Juliomys ossitenius Oligoryzomys nigripes , Juliomys pictipes , ) and 64 provided by VA aestuans and Lutreolina crasicaudata Necromys lasiurus S ( , Oecomys catherinae Didelphis albiventris , , Guerlinguetus ), totalling 115 animals belonging to the Didelmorphia and Rodentia orders. The animals were identified, had biological material collected, and after the procedures, they were released in appropriate places. DNA extraction and PCRs were performed using specific primers that underwent sensitivity tests from the collected material. All samples obtained negative results for the presence of DNA of the causative agents of leishmanias is and Chagas disease, the primers were shown to detect these pathogens. Although the results obtained in this work did not identify the presence of these protozoa in the analyzed samples, small mammals were reported as reservoirs of these parasites and at tention to these animals must always remain active
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Zoonoses, Reservatório, Pequenos mamíferos, Leishmaniose, Doença de Chagas, Chagas disease