Avaliação de modelos de silicone como método complementar no ensino de técnica cirúrgica veterinária
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Data
2022-09-05
Autores
Mazzali, Giovana Banin
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Com o avanço dos ideais de bem-estar, ética e proteção animal, o uso de animais em meios científicos e didáticos está cada vez mais restrito. Nesse contexto, novas alternativas como modelos e simuladores tem se destacado, possibilitando treinos consecutivos e desenvolvimento de habilidades, incluindo as emocionais, como autoconfiança e segurança. Objetivou-se com este estudo desenvolver um modelo em silicone para o ensino de técnicas de sutura e hemostasia durante a disciplina de Técnica Cirúrgica Veterinária. Utilizou-se uma placa de acrílico para envase do silicone por camadas, para representar o tecido subcutâneo e a pele, tingidos com pigmento amarelo e róseo, respectivamente. Os tubos de silicone preenchidos com gelatina balística representaram os vasos sanguíneos e foram posicionados na camada subcutânea. Durante as aulas, 81 alunos testaram os modelos e, posteriormente realizaram os procedimentos em animais vivos. Ao fim da disciplina, os alunos responderam aos questionários para avaliação dos modelos. Para a grande maioria, o treino no modelo proporcionou maior segurança ao realizar as técnicas em animais (p<0,0001) e 98,8% dos alunos recomendou seu uso para a prática das técnicas de suturas e hemostasia, incluindo o treinamento de nós cirúrgicos (71,6% recomendou muito e 27,2% recomendou). Algumas dificuldades relatadas foram relacionadas à baixa similaridade entre as camadas do silicone em relação à pele e fragilidade do tubo de silicone, o que denota a necessidade de aprimoramento destas estruturas. Porém, a avaliação dos resultados reforça que o ensino e aprendizagem são satisfatórios quando o modelo ou simulador permite ao aluno o treino repetido para desenvolver as habilidades necessárias, independentemente da fidelidade na reprodução das estruturas e custo envolvido. O modelo em silicone proposto possibilitou o desenvolvimento de habilidades emocionais, relacionada à maior segurança, bem como técnicas, que facilitaram a realização de procedimentos de hemostasia e sutura.
With animal welfare, ethics and protection advancement ideals, use of animals in scientific and didactic means is increasingly restricted. In this context, new alternatives such as models and simulators have stood out, allowing consecutive training and skills development, including emotional ones, like selfconfidence and security. This study aimed to develop a silicone model for teaching suture and hemostasis techniques during the Veterinary Surgical Technique course. An acrylic plate was used to fill the silicone in layers, to represent the subcutaneous tissue and the skin, dyed with yellow and pink pigment, respectively. Silicone tubes filled with ballistic gelatin represented the blood vessels and were positioned in the subcutaneous layer. During classes, 81 students tested the models and later performed the procedures on live animals. At the end of the course, the students answered the questionnaires to evaluate the models. For the vast majority, training in the model provided greater safety when performing the techniques on animals (p<0.0001) and 98.8% of the students recommended it for practice suturing and hemostasis techniques, including knot training (71.6% highly recommended and 27.2% recommended). Some difficulties reported were low similarity between the silicone layers compared with the skin and fragility of the silicone tube skin, which denotes the need of improvement in these structures. However, the evaluation of results reinforces that teaching and learning are satisfactory when the model or simulator allows the student to repeat training, developing the necessary skills, regardless of the fidelity in the reproduction of structures and the cost involved. The proposed silicone model enabled the development of emotional skills, related to greater safety, as well as techniques that facilitated the performance of hemostasis and suture procedures.
With animal welfare, ethics and protection advancement ideals, use of animals in scientific and didactic means is increasingly restricted. In this context, new alternatives such as models and simulators have stood out, allowing consecutive training and skills development, including emotional ones, like selfconfidence and security. This study aimed to develop a silicone model for teaching suture and hemostasis techniques during the Veterinary Surgical Technique course. An acrylic plate was used to fill the silicone in layers, to represent the subcutaneous tissue and the skin, dyed with yellow and pink pigment, respectively. Silicone tubes filled with ballistic gelatin represented the blood vessels and were positioned in the subcutaneous layer. During classes, 81 students tested the models and later performed the procedures on live animals. At the end of the course, the students answered the questionnaires to evaluate the models. For the vast majority, training in the model provided greater safety when performing the techniques on animals (p<0.0001) and 98.8% of the students recommended it for practice suturing and hemostasis techniques, including knot training (71.6% highly recommended and 27.2% recommended). Some difficulties reported were low similarity between the silicone layers compared with the skin and fragility of the silicone tube skin, which denotes the need of improvement in these structures. However, the evaluation of results reinforces that teaching and learning are satisfactory when the model or simulator allows the student to repeat training, developing the necessary skills, regardless of the fidelity in the reproduction of structures and the cost involved. The proposed silicone model enabled the development of emotional skills, related to greater safety, as well as techniques that facilitated the performance of hemostasis and suture procedures.
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Palavras-chave
Simulador, Sutura, Hemostasia, Habilidade, Suture, Hemostasis