Um estudo funcional do uso das expressões manuais e não manuais como estratégias de marcação de aspecto e tempo relativo em libras
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Data
2022-10-07
Autores
Ochiuto, Eliane Francisca Alves da Silva
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Este trabalho se dedica à análise e descrição funcional das expressões manuais (EMs) e não manuais (ENMs) como marcadores de aspecto e tempo relativo em Libras. Fundamentadas nas premissas da gramática funcional (GF) de Dik (1989) e da Gramática Discursivo-Funcional (GDF) de Hengeveld e Mackenzie (2008), por entenderem e analisarem a língua em contexto real de uso, considerando a influência que a pragmática exerce no valor semântico das expressões (manual e não manuais) na sintaxe da língua em estudo. A partir desses princípios teóricos, propomos, a análise das expressões manuais e não-manuais, a partir de contextos reais de comunicação, com base em critérios elaborados para a codificação dos dados e dos estudos sobre tempo e aspecto (COMRIE, 1985, FINAU, 2004; SILVA, 2014; CASTILHO, 1968; e TRAVAGLIA, 2014) e da organização linguística da Libras e Língua de sinais, incluindo estudos relacionados a relação entre tempo e aspecto na Libras (QUADROS, 2004; 2010; FINAU, 2004; SILVA, 2014; XAVIER, 2019; MARONEY, 2000; BRANCHINI E MANTOVAN, 2020). Para a coleta de dados, utilizamos o corpus de descrição de Libras, elaborado por mim para essa pesquisa. Ao todo, levantamos no corpus 820 ocorrências de expressões manuais e não-manuais que são utilizadas pelos surdos para codificar as relações de tempo e aspecto. Ao descrever e analisar as ocorrências, confirmamos a nossa hipótese de que, além dos sinais já conhecidos para expressar várias relações gramaticais em Libras, os usuários da língua utilizam também as expressões não-manuais, como “bochechas infladas”, “movimentos e inclinação da cabeça”, “direção do olhar”, “girar e inclinação do tronco”; “girar e inclinação do corpo”, “sobrancelhas franzidas e levantas” e expressão manual “mãos em posição de descanso” para marcar distinções de tempo relativo (quando o tempo de um evento está ancorado no tempo de outro evento) e de aspecto (que indica a perspectivização temporal interna do evento). Por meio das descrições e análise dos dados presentes na pesquisa, pudemos constatar um padrão recorrente no uso da expressão manual “mãos em posição de descanso” e, de expressões não-manuais como, o “girar do corpo para esquerda e/ou direita”, para marcar o tempo relativo e combinação de ENM com sinais manuais, como o sinal de “PRONTO” incorporado a ENM como “direção do olhar para baixo”, para marcar aspecto, além de outras expressões, que servem para designar outras nuances aspectuais, a depender da compreensão do contexto de uso.
This work is dedicated to the analysis and functional description of manual (EMs) and non manual expressions (ENMs) as markers of aspect and relative time in Libras. Based on the premises of Dik's (1989) functional grammar (FG) and Hengeveld and Mackenzie's (2008), Functional Discourse-Grammar (FDG) because they understand and analyze the language in a real context of use, considering the influence that pragmatics exerts on the semantic value of expressions (manual and non-manual) on the syntax of the language under study. Based on these theoretical principles, we propose the analysis of manual and non-manual expressions, based on real communication contexts, based on criteria elaborated for the codification of data and studies on time and aspect (COMRIE, 1985, FINAU, 2004; SILVA, 2014; CASTILHO, 1968; and TRAVAGLIA, 2014) and the linguistic organization of Libras and Sign Language, including studies related to the relationship between time and aspect in Libras (QUADROS, 2004; 2010; FINAU, 2004; SILVA, 2014; XAVIER, 2019; MARONEY, 2000; BRANCHINI AND MANTOVAN, 2020). For data collection, we used the corpus description of Libras, elaborated by me for this research. In all, we raise in the corpus 820 occurrences of manual and non-manual expressions that are used by the deaf to encode the relationships of time and aspect. When describing and analyzing the occurrences, we confirm our hypothesis that, in addition to the signs already known to express various grammatical relationships in Libras, users of the language also use non-manual expressions, such as "inflated cheeks", "movements and inclination of the head", "direction of the gaze", "rotate and inclination of the trunk"; "rotate and tilt the body", "furrowed eyebrows and raises" and manual expression "hands in resting position" to mark distinctions of relative time (when the time of an event is anchored in the time of another event) and aspect (which indicates the internal temporal perspectivization of the event). Through the descriptions and analysis of the data present in the research, we could observe a recurrent pattern in the use of the manual expression "hands in rest position" and, of non-manual expressions such as, the "turn from the body to the left and/or right", to mark the relative time and combination of ENM with manual signals, such as the "READY" sign incorporated into the ENMs as "direction of the look down", to mark aspect, in addition to other expressions, which serve to designate other aspectual nuances, depending on the understanding of the context of use.
This work is dedicated to the analysis and functional description of manual (EMs) and non manual expressions (ENMs) as markers of aspect and relative time in Libras. Based on the premises of Dik's (1989) functional grammar (FG) and Hengeveld and Mackenzie's (2008), Functional Discourse-Grammar (FDG) because they understand and analyze the language in a real context of use, considering the influence that pragmatics exerts on the semantic value of expressions (manual and non-manual) on the syntax of the language under study. Based on these theoretical principles, we propose the analysis of manual and non-manual expressions, based on real communication contexts, based on criteria elaborated for the codification of data and studies on time and aspect (COMRIE, 1985, FINAU, 2004; SILVA, 2014; CASTILHO, 1968; and TRAVAGLIA, 2014) and the linguistic organization of Libras and Sign Language, including studies related to the relationship between time and aspect in Libras (QUADROS, 2004; 2010; FINAU, 2004; SILVA, 2014; XAVIER, 2019; MARONEY, 2000; BRANCHINI AND MANTOVAN, 2020). For data collection, we used the corpus description of Libras, elaborated by me for this research. In all, we raise in the corpus 820 occurrences of manual and non-manual expressions that are used by the deaf to encode the relationships of time and aspect. When describing and analyzing the occurrences, we confirm our hypothesis that, in addition to the signs already known to express various grammatical relationships in Libras, users of the language also use non-manual expressions, such as "inflated cheeks", "movements and inclination of the head", "direction of the gaze", "rotate and inclination of the trunk"; "rotate and tilt the body", "furrowed eyebrows and raises" and manual expression "hands in resting position" to mark distinctions of relative time (when the time of an event is anchored in the time of another event) and aspect (which indicates the internal temporal perspectivization of the event). Through the descriptions and analysis of the data present in the research, we could observe a recurrent pattern in the use of the manual expression "hands in rest position" and, of non-manual expressions such as, the "turn from the body to the left and/or right", to mark the relative time and combination of ENM with manual signals, such as the "READY" sign incorporated into the ENMs as "direction of the look down", to mark aspect, in addition to other expressions, which serve to designate other aspectual nuances, depending on the understanding of the context of use.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Tempo relativo, Aspecto, Gramática funcional, Gramática discursivo- Funcional, Libras, Expressões manuais e não manuais, Relative time, Aspect, Functional grammar, Functional discourse-Grammar, Manual and non-manual expressions