Efeitos do treinamento pliométrico unilateral e bilateral para melhora no salto vertical em atletas de basquetebol: uma revisão sistemática
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Data
2022-11-17
Autores
Callegari, Leonardo de Souza
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A pliometria está diretamente relacionado com o basquetebol, no arremesso, no rebote, a bandeja, mudanças de direção, entre outros. Em um programa de treinamento organizado, os times e treinadores inserem exercícios pliométricos com a intensão de melhorar a performance destes movimentos, incluindo o aumento na altura do salto vertical. Exercícios pliométricos por sua vez se dividem em nichos:
unilateral, bilateral, alta intensidade e baixa intensidade. Em sua grade maioria envolvendo movimentos relacionados com potência e com o clico de alongamento e encurtamento (stretch-shortening cycle). Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar os efeitos do treinamento pliométrico unilateral e bilateral no aumento do salto vertical em atletas de basquete. A pesquisa, sendo uma revisão sistemática, tem caráter quantitativo e iniciou com buscas nas seguintes bases de dados: PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, SportDiscuss e Scielo. Se iniciou com a exclusão de duplicatas, seleção de artigos através de títulos e resumos, aplicação dos critérios de inclusão e exclusão nos resumos completos e por fim a seleção dos artigos que tinham os critérios suficientes para serem inseridos na pesquisa. Após coleta de resultados,
notou-se uma melhora significativa rápida no salto vertical após um treinamento pliométrico unilateral em comparação com o treinamento bilateral. No entanto, ficou que com o treinamento pliométrico bilateral a melhora no salto vertical foi mais duradoura, ou seja, obteve um aumento no salto por todo o período do treinamento, enquanto o treinamento unilateral apresentou uma melhora rápida, porém com um teto de evolução baixo. Conclui-se que ambos os treinamentos devem ser utilizados na preparação física dos atletas, considerando o momento de temporada, condição do atleta e objetivos do preparador físico.
Plyometrics is directly related to basketball, shooting, rebounding, layup, changes of direction, among others. In an organized training program, teams and coaches insert plyometric exercises with the intention of improving movement performance, including increasing the height of the vertical jump. Plyometric exercises in turn are divided into niches: unilateral, bilateral, high intensity and low intensity. Mostly involving movements related to power and the stretch-shortening cycle. This work aims to analyze the effects of unilateral and bilateral plyometric training on increasing vertical jump in basketball athletes. The research, being a systematic review, has a quantitative character and started with searches in the following databases: PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, SportDiscuss and Scielo. It started with the exclusion of duplicates, selection of articles through titles and abstracts, application of inclusion and exclusion criteria in the full abstracts and finally the selection of articles that had sufficient criteria to be included in the research. After collecting results, a rapid significant improvement in vertical jump was noted after unilateral plyometric training compared to bilateral training. However, it was found that with bilateral plyometric training, the improvement in vertical jump was more lasting, that is, it obtained an increase in jump throughout the training period, while unilateral training showed a rapid improvement, but with a low evolution ceiling. It is concluded that both trainings should be used in the physical preparation of athletes, considering the season, athlete's condition and goals of the physical trainer.
Plyometrics is directly related to basketball, shooting, rebounding, layup, changes of direction, among others. In an organized training program, teams and coaches insert plyometric exercises with the intention of improving movement performance, including increasing the height of the vertical jump. Plyometric exercises in turn are divided into niches: unilateral, bilateral, high intensity and low intensity. Mostly involving movements related to power and the stretch-shortening cycle. This work aims to analyze the effects of unilateral and bilateral plyometric training on increasing vertical jump in basketball athletes. The research, being a systematic review, has a quantitative character and started with searches in the following databases: PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, SportDiscuss and Scielo. It started with the exclusion of duplicates, selection of articles through titles and abstracts, application of inclusion and exclusion criteria in the full abstracts and finally the selection of articles that had sufficient criteria to be included in the research. After collecting results, a rapid significant improvement in vertical jump was noted after unilateral plyometric training compared to bilateral training. However, it was found that with bilateral plyometric training, the improvement in vertical jump was more lasting, that is, it obtained an increase in jump throughout the training period, while unilateral training showed a rapid improvement, but with a low evolution ceiling. It is concluded that both trainings should be used in the physical preparation of athletes, considering the season, athlete's condition and goals of the physical trainer.
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Palavras-chave
Pliometria, Saltos, Basquete, Unilateral, Bilateral, Plyometrics, Jumping, Basketball