Potencialidades e desafios para adoção da polinização dirigida em cultivos agrícolas no Brasil
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Data
2022-11-28
Autores
Rocha, Lucas Ribeiro
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Nas últimas décadas, a agricultura tem passado por uma intensa revolução
tecnológica visando o aumento na produtividade das culturas. Os avanços
abrangem várias áreas, tais como: melhoramento genético com obtenção de
novos híbridos resistentes às pragas e às condições climáticas adversas,
melhores conhecimentos sobre adubação, irrigação e produção de máquinas e
implementos de melhor desempenho. Porém, um dos fatores determinantes na
produção de muitas culturas agrícolas é a polinização, principalmente quando a
planta apresenta um nível moderado ou maior de dependência em relação aos
agentes polinizadores bióticos para a produção de frutos e sementes. No Brasil,
embora tenham sido observados ganhos expressivos de produtividade em várias
culturas agrícolas, pouca atenção tem sido dada para as demandas de
polinização destas culturas. Dessa forma, é possível considerar que as safras
podem ser maximizadas se eventuais déficits de polinização forem
compensados com a introdução do serviço de polinização dirigida durante a
floração destas culturas vegetais. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a adoção
da prática de polinização dirigida no Brasil, principalmente com abelhas
melíferas, visando identificar os desafios que têm dificultado maior utilização
desta ferramenta tecnológica e explicitar quais podem ser os ganhos
econômicos caso tal tecnologia seja devidamente aplicada no campo. Foi
realizada uma pesquisa bibliográfica para destacar o nível de dependência das
culturas agrícolas brasileiras e inferir sobre o uso dirigido de abelhas para a
polinização destas culturas. Foram realizadas entrevistas com pesquisadores,
apicultores e empresários da área de polinização que auxiliaram na identificação
das potencialidades e dos desafios da polinização dirigida no Brasil. Os
entrevistados apontaram alguns dos motivos das dificuldades de expansão no
mercado que a polinização dirigida enfrenta, com destaque para a falta de
mecanização, o baixo valor cobrado no aluguel das colmeias, as técnicas de
manejo desatualizadas, entre outros. Evidenciaram-no que diz respeito às
potencialidades e os benefícios da polinização dirigida com abelhas no Brasil,
destaca-se o aumento de qualidade e produtividade para várias culturas
agrícolas, tanto para as culturas mais dependentes, quanto para aquelas que
são menos dependentes dos insetos para produção vegetal.
In recent decades, agriculture has undergone an intense technological revolution aimed at increasing crop productivity. The advances cover several areas, such as: genetic improvement with new hybrids resistant to pests and adverse weather conditions, better knowledge about fertilization, irrigation, and production of machines and implements with better performance. However, one of the determining factors in the production of many agricultural crops is pollination, especially when the plant presents a moderate or higher level of dependence on biotic pollinating agents for the production of fruits and seeds. In Brazil, although significant productivity gains have been observed in several agricultural crops, little attention has been paid to the pollination demands of these crops. Thus, it is possible to consider that harvests can be maximized if eventual pollination deficits are compensated with the introduction of directed pollination service during flowering of these vegetable crops. The objective of this work was to evaluate the adoption of directed pollination in Brazil, mainly with honey bees, aiming to identify the challenges that have hindered greater use of this technological tool and to explain what the economic gains could be if such technology is properly applied in the field. A literature search was conducted to highlight the level of dependence on Brazilian agricultural crops and to infer about the directed use of bees for pollination of these crops. Interviews with researchers, beekeepers, and pollination entrepreneurs were conducted to help identify the potentials and challenges of directed pollination in Brazil. The interviewees pointed out some of the reasons for the difficulties of expansion in the market that directed pollination faces, highlighting the lack of mechanization, the low value charged in the rent of the hives, outdated management techniques, among others. In what concerns the potentialities and benefits of directed pollination with bees in Brazil, the increase of quality and productivity for several agricultural crops stands out, both for the more dependent crops and for those that are less dependent on insects for plant production.
In recent decades, agriculture has undergone an intense technological revolution aimed at increasing crop productivity. The advances cover several areas, such as: genetic improvement with new hybrids resistant to pests and adverse weather conditions, better knowledge about fertilization, irrigation, and production of machines and implements with better performance. However, one of the determining factors in the production of many agricultural crops is pollination, especially when the plant presents a moderate or higher level of dependence on biotic pollinating agents for the production of fruits and seeds. In Brazil, although significant productivity gains have been observed in several agricultural crops, little attention has been paid to the pollination demands of these crops. Thus, it is possible to consider that harvests can be maximized if eventual pollination deficits are compensated with the introduction of directed pollination service during flowering of these vegetable crops. The objective of this work was to evaluate the adoption of directed pollination in Brazil, mainly with honey bees, aiming to identify the challenges that have hindered greater use of this technological tool and to explain what the economic gains could be if such technology is properly applied in the field. A literature search was conducted to highlight the level of dependence on Brazilian agricultural crops and to infer about the directed use of bees for pollination of these crops. Interviews with researchers, beekeepers, and pollination entrepreneurs were conducted to help identify the potentials and challenges of directed pollination in Brazil. The interviewees pointed out some of the reasons for the difficulties of expansion in the market that directed pollination faces, highlighting the lack of mechanization, the low value charged in the rent of the hives, outdated management techniques, among others. In what concerns the potentialities and benefits of directed pollination with bees in Brazil, the increase of quality and productivity for several agricultural crops stands out, both for the more dependent crops and for those that are less dependent on insects for plant production.
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Palavras-chave
Abelhas, Aumento da produtividade da colheita, Revolução tecnológica, Bees, Increased crop productivity, Technological revolution