Caracterização morfológica, citogenética e molecular de Mazama gouazoubira medemi Barriga-Bonilla, 1966 a partir de um topótipo atual
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Data
2022-11-04
Autores
Moreno, Liss Maryori García
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A classificação taxonômica do gênero Mazama Rafinesque, 1817 é bastante controversa, devido à convergência morfológica e alta variação cariotípica intraespecífica. Por efeito do complexo processo evolutivo e os polimorfismos cromossômicos que as espécies do grupo apresentam, sua taxonomia vem sendo estudada com auxílio de ferramentas citogenéticas e moleculares, que se mostraram como informações essenciais no esclarecimento da classificação do grupo e sua consequente implicação nos programas de conservação de cervídeos na região Neotropical. O táxon Mazama gouazoubira medemi Barriga-Bonilla, 1966 foi alocado dentro da sinonímia de Mazama nemorivaga (Cuvier, 1817) por padrões morfológicos e distribuição geográfica, sem consenso sobre a validade deste táxon ou sua correta classificação. Desta forma, o presente trabalho buscou avaliar o posicionamento e o status de M. g. medemi Barriga-Bonilla, 1966 através da coleta de um espécime na localidade tipo na Colômbia. O exemplar foi caracterizado por técnicas morfológicas tradicionais (medidas cranianas, medidas biométricas e coloração da pele), análises citogenéticas (coloração convencional, banda G, banda C, coloração Ag-NOR e FISH), e por ferramentas moleculares (análise filogenética dos genes Cytb, ND5 e Dloop). Os resultados morfológicos e citogenéticos mostraram padrões consistentes com o descrito para a espécie Mazama nemorivaga (Cuvier, 1817). A caracterização molecular recuperou o topótipo num agrupamento com exemplares de M. nemorivaga do norte da Amazônia, se posicionando de forma externa às outras amostras do grupo, mas comprovando sua ligação filogenética, sugerindo o posicionamento de M. g. medemi como sinônimo júnior de M. nemorivaga.
The taxonomic classification of the genus Mazama Rafinesque, 1817 is quite controversial, owing to the morphological convergence and high intraspecific karyotypic variation. Due to the complex evolutionary process and the chromosomal polymorphisms that the group presents, its taxonomy has been studied with the help of cytogenetic and molecular tools, which have proven to be essential information in clarifying the classification of the group and its consequent implication in conservation programs of cervids in the Neotropical region. The taxon Mazama gouazoubira medemi Barriga-Bonilla, 1966 was allocated within the synonymy of Mazama nemorivaga (Cuvier, 1817) by morphological patterns and geographical distribution, without consensus on the validity of this taxon or its correct classification. Thus, the present work sought to evaluate the position and status of M. g. medemi Barriga-Bonilla, 1966 by collecting a specimen in the type locality in Colombia. The specimen was characterized by traditional morphological techniques (cranial measurements, biometric measurements, and skin coloration), cytogenetic analyses (conventional staining, G-band, C-band, Ag-NOR staining and FISH), and by molecular tools (phylogenetic analysis of Cytb, ND5 and Dloop genes). The morphological and cytogenetic results showed patterns consistent with that described for the species Mazama nemorivaga (Cuvier, 1817). Molecular characterization recovered the topotype in a grouping with M. nemorivaga specimens from northern Amazonia, positioning itself externally to the other samples of the group, but proving its phylogenetic relationship, suggesting the positioning of M. g. medemi as a junior synonym of M. nemorivaga.
The taxonomic classification of the genus Mazama Rafinesque, 1817 is quite controversial, owing to the morphological convergence and high intraspecific karyotypic variation. Due to the complex evolutionary process and the chromosomal polymorphisms that the group presents, its taxonomy has been studied with the help of cytogenetic and molecular tools, which have proven to be essential information in clarifying the classification of the group and its consequent implication in conservation programs of cervids in the Neotropical region. The taxon Mazama gouazoubira medemi Barriga-Bonilla, 1966 was allocated within the synonymy of Mazama nemorivaga (Cuvier, 1817) by morphological patterns and geographical distribution, without consensus on the validity of this taxon or its correct classification. Thus, the present work sought to evaluate the position and status of M. g. medemi Barriga-Bonilla, 1966 by collecting a specimen in the type locality in Colombia. The specimen was characterized by traditional morphological techniques (cranial measurements, biometric measurements, and skin coloration), cytogenetic analyses (conventional staining, G-band, C-band, Ag-NOR staining and FISH), and by molecular tools (phylogenetic analysis of Cytb, ND5 and Dloop genes). The morphological and cytogenetic results showed patterns consistent with that described for the species Mazama nemorivaga (Cuvier, 1817). Molecular characterization recovered the topotype in a grouping with M. nemorivaga specimens from northern Amazonia, positioning itself externally to the other samples of the group, but proving its phylogenetic relationship, suggesting the positioning of M. g. medemi as a junior synonym of M. nemorivaga.
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Blastocerina, Evolução cromossômica, Taxonomia animal, Cervídeo, Filogenética sistematica