Fatores de risco biológicos e sociais de recém-nascidos de risco de município do interior paulista
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Data
2022-11-30
Autores
Campos, Nathália da Silva
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
No Brasil ainda há um número alarmante de mortes por causas evitáveis, especialmente no período neonatal em que está comumente associado à assistência inadequada à gestante e ao recém-nascido. Considera-se os recém-nascidos de risco, um grupo de significativa vulnerabilidade, uma vez que apresentam circunstâncias inerentes à sua condição, sendo elas biológicas ou sociais, que podem impulsionar danos em seu desenvolvimento. O presente estudo tem por objetivo identificar os fatores biológicos e sociais que corroboram para a classificação dos recém-nascidos de risco por unidade de saúde. Estudo transversal, com coleta retrospectiva de dados. É um desdobramento da pesquisa sobre a prevalência cumulativa dos fatores de risco biológicos e sociais ao nascer em um município paulista, realizada em 2020, na qual foram analisadas informações da Ficha de Vigilância de recém-nascido de todos nascidos vivos do município de Botucatu/SP. Foi realizada análise descritiva utilizando números absolutos e relativos com frequência simples. A amostra foi composta por todos os nascidos vivos no período de junho de 2018 a julho de 2020, totalizando 4480 recém-nascidos, sendo 3533 classificados como bebês de risco habitual e 947 como recém-nascido de risco. Todas as vinte unidades de saúde que compõem Atenção Primária tiveram pelo menos um recém-nascido de risco. Uma das unidades teve o maior número absoluto e a outra unidade a maior proporção de recém-nascido de risco. O risco biológico foi maior quando comparado com o risco social. A prematuridade, baixo peso ao nascer e internação em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva foram os riscos biológicos que mais tiveram influência sobre os recém-nascidos. Já em relação aos riscos sociais encontrados, destaca-se os recém-nascido que tiveram irmão morto com idade inferior a cinco anos, possuíam o chefe de família sem renda, tinham mães com menos de 16 anos e mães que não realizaram o seguimento de pré-natal. Conclusão: Enfatiza-se a importância de cada município, identificar os fatores de risco relacionados ao recém-nascido, analisar as potencialidades e as fragilidades da assistência ao recém-nascido de risco, a fim de elaborar estratégias para minimizar danos e proporcionar acompanhamento de saúde adequado aos recém-nascidos e família.
In Brazil, there is still an alarming number of deaths from preventable causes, especially in the neonatal period, which is commonly associated with inadequate care to pregnant women and newborns. Newborns at risk are considered a group of significant vulnerability, since they present circumstances inherent to their condition, whether biological or social, that can cause damage to their development. The present study aims to identify the biological and social factors that corroborate the classification of newborns at risk by health unit. This is a cross-sectional study, with retrospective data collection. It is an unfolding of the research on the cumulative prevalence of biological and social risk factors at birth in a São Paulo municipality, conducted in 2020, in which information from the Newborn Surveillance Form of all live births in the municipality of Botucatu/SP was analyzed. Descriptive analysis was performed using absolute and relative numbers with simple frequency. The sample was composed of all live births in the period from June 2018 to July 2020, totaling 4480 newborns, with 3533 classified as usual risk babies and 947 as risk newborns. All twenty health units that make up Primary Care had at least one at-risk newborn. One of the units had the highest absolute number and the other unit had the highest proportion of newborns at risk. Biological risk was higher when compared to social risk. Prematurity, low birth weight, and admission to the Intensive Care Unit were the biological risks that most influenced the newborns. As for the social risks found, newborns who had a dead sibling under the age of five, had a head of household with no income, had mothers under the age of 16, and mothers who did not undergo prenatal care, stand out. Conclusion: The importance of each municipality identifying the risk factors related to the newborn, analyzing the potential and weaknesses of assistance to newborns at risk, in order to develop strategies to minimize damage and provide adequate health follow-up to newborns and their families, is emphasized.
In Brazil, there is still an alarming number of deaths from preventable causes, especially in the neonatal period, which is commonly associated with inadequate care to pregnant women and newborns. Newborns at risk are considered a group of significant vulnerability, since they present circumstances inherent to their condition, whether biological or social, that can cause damage to their development. The present study aims to identify the biological and social factors that corroborate the classification of newborns at risk by health unit. This is a cross-sectional study, with retrospective data collection. It is an unfolding of the research on the cumulative prevalence of biological and social risk factors at birth in a São Paulo municipality, conducted in 2020, in which information from the Newborn Surveillance Form of all live births in the municipality of Botucatu/SP was analyzed. Descriptive analysis was performed using absolute and relative numbers with simple frequency. The sample was composed of all live births in the period from June 2018 to July 2020, totaling 4480 newborns, with 3533 classified as usual risk babies and 947 as risk newborns. All twenty health units that make up Primary Care had at least one at-risk newborn. One of the units had the highest absolute number and the other unit had the highest proportion of newborns at risk. Biological risk was higher when compared to social risk. Prematurity, low birth weight, and admission to the Intensive Care Unit were the biological risks that most influenced the newborns. As for the social risks found, newborns who had a dead sibling under the age of five, had a head of household with no income, had mothers under the age of 16, and mothers who did not undergo prenatal care, stand out. Conclusion: The importance of each municipality identifying the risk factors related to the newborn, analyzing the potential and weaknesses of assistance to newborns at risk, in order to develop strategies to minimize damage and provide adequate health follow-up to newborns and their families, is emphasized.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Recém-nascido, Fatores de risco, Vigilância em saúde pública, Infant, Newborn, Risk factors, Public health surveillance