Mudanças vocais ao longo da vida: análise cepstral
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Data
2022-11-03
Autores
Spazzapan, Evelyn Alves [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Introdução: Mudanças vocais acometem o indivíduo da infância à terceira idade e podem ser detectadas na análise acústica. A análise cepstral tem tido destaque nos estudos que envolvem a análise de vozes disfônicas e saudáveis. Valores de referência para a população brasileira são necessários para fins clínicos e para auxiliar no entendimento das mudanças vocais observadas na infância até a velhice. Objetivo: Investigar características da produção da voz de falantes do português brasileiro (PB), vocalmente saudáveis, nos diferentes ciclos da vida, a partir da medida CPPS (Cepstral Peak Prominence Smoothed) e estabelecer valores de referência desta medida para o PB com tarefas de fala padronizadas. Metodologia: Foram analisadas 1542 gravações (coletadas em estudo prévio) de vozes de 522 sujeitos vocalmente saudáveis com idades de 5 a 93 anos divididos em 6 grupos etários: 5 a 10 anos; 11 a 13; 14 a 18; 19 a 49; 50 a 65 e 66 a 93 anos. Foi extraída a medida CPPS por meio do software PRAAT. Foram analisadas três tarefas de fala diferentes: vogal /a/ sustentada (CPPS vogal), frase constituída por componentes orais (CPPS frase oral) e frase constituída por componentes oronasais (CPPS frase oronasal). Para a comparação entre as variáveis sexo, idade e as diferentes tarefas, foi utilizado o teste Mann-Whitney. O teste de Kruskal-Wallis foi utilizado a fim de verificar as diferenças entre os diversos grupos etários nas três tarefas de fala, seguido do teste de Tukey com correção de Bonferroni. Realizou-se a regressão linear múltipla para prever a variável dependente CPPS nos contextos de fala, pelo método stepwise. Resultados: Em relação à idade, de forma geral crianças de 5 a 10 anos apresentam menores valores de CPPS, indicando pior estrutura harmônica do que os grupos com maior idade. Há diferenças nos resultados encontrados ao considerar tarefas fonatórias distintas. Relacionado ao sexo, no geral, homens apresentam maiores valores de CPPS em relação às mulheres na tarefa de CPPS frase vogal. Mulheres apresentam valores maiores de CPPS no contexto de frase oronasal. A tarefa CPPS vogal é a que apresenta valores maiores em relação às tarefas de fala encadeada. A tarefa CPPS frase oronasal é a tarefa com menor valor encontrado. As variáveis grupo etário 5 a 10 anos, 11 a 13 anos e sexo são as que mais impactam no valor do CPPS. Conclusão: Da infância à terceira idade ocorrem mudanças vocais que são refletidas na medida CPPS nos três contextos de fala investigados, com diferenças entre os sexos. A população infantil é a que mais se diferencia ao longo da vida, em todas as tarefas investigadas. A medida CPPS sofre influência do contexto de fala da amostra, apresentando comportamento diferente ao longo da vida para a vogal, frase com componentes orais e frase com componentes oronasais
Introduction: Vocal changes affect individuals from childhood to old age and may be detected through acoustic analysis. The cepstral analysis has been highlighted in studies involving the analysis of dysphonic and healthy voices. Reference values for the Brazilian population are needed for clinical purposes and to contribute in understanding the vocal changes observed from childhood to old age. Objective: To investigate characteristics of voice production of speakers of Brazilian Portuguese (BP) with healthy voices in different life stages, based on the CPPS measure (Cepstral Peak Prominence Smoothed) and establish reference values for this measure for BP with standardized speech tasks. Methodology: 1542 voice recordings (collected in a previous study) of 522 subjects with healthy voices, aged 5 to 93 years divided into 6 age groups were analyzed: 5 to 10 years; 11 to 13; 14 to 18; 19 to 49; 50 to 65 and 66 to 93 years. The CPPS measure was extracted through the PRAAT software. Three different speech tasks were analyzed: sustained /a/ vowel (CPPS vowel), phrase constituted of oral components (CPPS oral phrase) and phrase constituted of oronasal components (CPPS oronasal phrase). The Mann-Whitney test was used for the comparison between gender, age and different tasks. The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to verify the differences between the different age groups in the three speech tasks, followed by the Tukey test with Bonferroni correction. Multiple linear regression was applied to predict the dependent variable CPPS in the speech contexts, using the stepwise method. Results: Regarding age, in general, children aged 5 to 10 years have lower CPPS values, indicating a worse harmonic structure than older groups. There are differences in the results found when considering different phonatory tasks. Regarding genders, in general, men have higher CPPS values than women in the CPPS vowel phrase task. Women have higher CPPS values in the context of oronasal phrase. The CPPS vowel task is the one with the highest values in relation to the connected speech tasks. The CPPS oronasal phrase task is the task with the lowest value found. The variables age group 5 to 10 years old, 11 to 13 years old and gender are the ones that most impact the CPPS value. Conclusion: There are vocal changes that are reflected in the CPPS measure in the three speech contexts investigated from childhood to old age, with differences between genders. The child population is the one that most differs across life, in all tasks investigated. The CPPS measure is influenced by the speech context of the sample, showing different behavior across life for the vowel, sentence with oral sounds and sentence with oronasal sounds.
Introduction: Vocal changes affect individuals from childhood to old age and may be detected through acoustic analysis. The cepstral analysis has been highlighted in studies involving the analysis of dysphonic and healthy voices. Reference values for the Brazilian population are needed for clinical purposes and to contribute in understanding the vocal changes observed from childhood to old age. Objective: To investigate characteristics of voice production of speakers of Brazilian Portuguese (BP) with healthy voices in different life stages, based on the CPPS measure (Cepstral Peak Prominence Smoothed) and establish reference values for this measure for BP with standardized speech tasks. Methodology: 1542 voice recordings (collected in a previous study) of 522 subjects with healthy voices, aged 5 to 93 years divided into 6 age groups were analyzed: 5 to 10 years; 11 to 13; 14 to 18; 19 to 49; 50 to 65 and 66 to 93 years. The CPPS measure was extracted through the PRAAT software. Three different speech tasks were analyzed: sustained /a/ vowel (CPPS vowel), phrase constituted of oral components (CPPS oral phrase) and phrase constituted of oronasal components (CPPS oronasal phrase). The Mann-Whitney test was used for the comparison between gender, age and different tasks. The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to verify the differences between the different age groups in the three speech tasks, followed by the Tukey test with Bonferroni correction. Multiple linear regression was applied to predict the dependent variable CPPS in the speech contexts, using the stepwise method. Results: Regarding age, in general, children aged 5 to 10 years have lower CPPS values, indicating a worse harmonic structure than older groups. There are differences in the results found when considering different phonatory tasks. Regarding genders, in general, men have higher CPPS values than women in the CPPS vowel phrase task. Women have higher CPPS values in the context of oronasal phrase. The CPPS vowel task is the one with the highest values in relation to the connected speech tasks. The CPPS oronasal phrase task is the task with the lowest value found. The variables age group 5 to 10 years old, 11 to 13 years old and gender are the ones that most impact the CPPS value. Conclusion: There are vocal changes that are reflected in the CPPS measure in the three speech contexts investigated from childhood to old age, with differences between genders. The child population is the one that most differs across life, in all tasks investigated. The CPPS measure is influenced by the speech context of the sample, showing different behavior across life for the vowel, sentence with oral sounds and sentence with oronasal sounds.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Voz, Acústica, Criança, Adulto, Idoso, Voice, Acoustic, Child, Adult, Aged
Como citar
SPAZZAPAN, Evelyn Alves. Mudanças vocais ao longo da vida: análise cepstral. Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), 2022.