Água tóxica: contaminantes emergentes e a universalização do acesso à água de qualidade
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Data
2022-10-24
Autores
Guillen, Rubens Diego Marineli
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O trabalho analisa como a falta de regulamentação sobre os contaminantes emergentes, também chamados de não regulados, afetam a qualidade da água no país e em que medida isso prejudica a efetivação da cidadania do brasileiro. Como construção dessa análise global, pesquisaremos sobre a escassa normativa vigente no Brasil acerca do tema, verificando a extensão das substâncias abarcadas por lei, bem como os parâmetros referenciais nos casos em que há regulação, comparando-os com as regras internacionais vigentes. A atual normativa sobre o assunto, a Portaria Nº 888 do Ministério da saúde, é recente e representou uma mudança paradigmática, pois passou a abarcar um amplo espectro de contaminantes emergentes, trazendo destaque a alteração. Verificado o cenário atual do Brasil, tanto pelo ordenamento interno, quanto pela comparação com os parâmetros internacionais, em relação a regulação dos contaminantes emergentes e sua presença na água, percebe-se que essa escassez regulatória, mesmo com a nova normativa, afeta diretamente a cidadania dos brasileiros, ao passo que recebem em seus lares água legalmente adequada, o que na prática se mostra utópico, pois a mesma é disponibilizada sem a efetiva qualidade real. Fato que expõe a população a diversos riscos sanitários, afetando diretamente o exercício de sua cidadania, devido a alta probabilidade de danos às suas vidas. Pontuamos também os prejuízos suportados por toda a sociedade em razão dos desastres ambientais, decorrentes do acúmulo de tais substâncias nas diversas reservas de hídricas, pois estas se destinam ao uso coletivo.
The work analyzes how the lack of regulation on emerging contaminants, which makes it common to call them as unregulated, affects the quality of water in the country and to what extent this impairs the effectiveness of Brazilian citizenship. As a construction of this global analysis, the scarce regulations in force in the country on the subject will be analyzed, verifying the extent of the substances covered by law, as well as the reference parameters in cases where there is regulation, comparing them with the current international rules. The current regulation on the subject, Ordinance No. 888 of the Ministry of Health, is recent and represented a paradigm shift, as it began to encompass a wide spectrum of emerging contaminants, highlighting the change. After verifying the current scenario in Brazil, both in terms of internal legislation and by comparison with international parameters, in relation to the regulation of emerging contaminants and their presence in water, it can be seen that this regulatory shortage, even with the new regulations, directly affects the citizenship of the Brazilians, while they receive legally adequate water in their homes, but without the effective real quality that in practice proves to be utopian, thus exposing them to various health risks and directly affecting the exercise of their citizenship due to the risk that this represents to their lives, in addition to the damage suffered by the whole society due to the environmental damage resulting from the accumulation of such substances from the various water reserves, which are for common use by the people and are intended for all citizens.
The work analyzes how the lack of regulation on emerging contaminants, which makes it common to call them as unregulated, affects the quality of water in the country and to what extent this impairs the effectiveness of Brazilian citizenship. As a construction of this global analysis, the scarce regulations in force in the country on the subject will be analyzed, verifying the extent of the substances covered by law, as well as the reference parameters in cases where there is regulation, comparing them with the current international rules. The current regulation on the subject, Ordinance No. 888 of the Ministry of Health, is recent and represented a paradigm shift, as it began to encompass a wide spectrum of emerging contaminants, highlighting the change. After verifying the current scenario in Brazil, both in terms of internal legislation and by comparison with international parameters, in relation to the regulation of emerging contaminants and their presence in water, it can be seen that this regulatory shortage, even with the new regulations, directly affects the citizenship of the Brazilians, while they receive legally adequate water in their homes, but without the effective real quality that in practice proves to be utopian, thus exposing them to various health risks and directly affecting the exercise of their citizenship due to the risk that this represents to their lives, in addition to the damage suffered by the whole society due to the environmental damage resulting from the accumulation of such substances from the various water reserves, which are for common use by the people and are intended for all citizens.
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Palavras-chave
Contaminantes emergentes, Contaminantes não regulados, Direitos fundamentais, Acesso à água, Contaminação, Emerging contaminants, Unregulated contaminants, Fundamental rights, Access to water, Contamination