Determinação dos índices de enriquecimento e geoacumulação de ZN, CU e CO nos sedimentos do rio Coata, região Puno-Peru
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Data
2022-12-19
Autores
Matamet, Julio Alejandro Mamani
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Atualmente, o rio Coata é um ecossistema complexo que está exposto a uma carga de substâncias provenientes do desenvolvimento urbano e industrial. Quantidades significativas de resíduos e substâncias poluentes são lançados no rio geralmente sem qualquer tratamento, o que contribui para aumentar drasticamente a concentração de metais pesados que causam impactos e pressões sobre o meio ambiente. A deposição dos mesmos pode causar contaminação permanente do fundo do rio que induzem alterações nas cadeias tróficas. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a contaminação por metais (Zn, Cu e Co) nos sedimentos em testemunhos curtos do rio Coata, região Puno, Peru, através da determinação do conteúdo total, sua comparação direta com as concentrações de referência estabelecidas em padrões internacionais de qualidade de sedimentos e uso de Índices de Enriquecimento e Geoacumulação. Dos elementos analisados, o Zn e Cu apresentam as maiores e variadas concentrações, enquanto que o Co têm distribuições mais homogêneas. A avaliação da concentração dos metais nos sedimentos mostrou que a ordem de abundância dos elementos analisados foi: Zn > Cu > Co. De acordo com os critérios ambientais, os sedimentos das três estações encontram-se de moderadamente a altamente contaminados por Zn enquanto o Cu e Co encontram-se sem contaminação e moderadamente contaminados com uma origem tanto geológica como antropogênica.
Currently, the Coata river is a complex ecosystem that is exposed to a load of substances from human urban and industrial development. Significant amounts of waste and polluting substances are released into the river, usually without any treatment, which contributes to drastically increase the concentration of heavy metals that cause impacts and pressures on the environment. Their deposition can cause permanent contamination of the river bottom that induce changes in trophic chains. The objective of this study was to evaluate the contamination by metals (Zn, Cu and Co) in the sediments occurring in short cores of the Coata river, Puno region, Peru, through the determination of the total content, its direct comparison with the reference concentrations established in international quality standards of sediments and the use of Enrichment and Geoaccumulation Indexes. Among the analyzed elements, Zn and Cu have the highest and most varied concentrations, while Co has more homogeneous distributions. Evaluation of the concentration of metals in the sediments showed that the order of abundance of the analyzed elements was: Zn > Cu > Co. According to the environmental criteria, the sediments from the three stations are moderately to highly contaminated by Zn while the Cu and Co are uncontaminated and moderately contaminated by both geological and anthropogenic origin.
Currently, the Coata river is a complex ecosystem that is exposed to a load of substances from human urban and industrial development. Significant amounts of waste and polluting substances are released into the river, usually without any treatment, which contributes to drastically increase the concentration of heavy metals that cause impacts and pressures on the environment. Their deposition can cause permanent contamination of the river bottom that induce changes in trophic chains. The objective of this study was to evaluate the contamination by metals (Zn, Cu and Co) in the sediments occurring in short cores of the Coata river, Puno region, Peru, through the determination of the total content, its direct comparison with the reference concentrations established in international quality standards of sediments and the use of Enrichment and Geoaccumulation Indexes. Among the analyzed elements, Zn and Cu have the highest and most varied concentrations, while Co has more homogeneous distributions. Evaluation of the concentration of metals in the sediments showed that the order of abundance of the analyzed elements was: Zn > Cu > Co. According to the environmental criteria, the sediments from the three stations are moderately to highly contaminated by Zn while the Cu and Co are uncontaminated and moderately contaminated by both geological and anthropogenic origin.
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Palavras-chave
Sedimentos, Índice de geoacumulação, Fator de enriquecimento, Rio Coata, Sediments, Geoaccumulation index, Enrichment factor, Coata river