A produção fonográfica independente no início da era neoliberal: a reconfiguração de um movimento (1990-1997)
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Data
2022-12-19
Autores
Oliveira, Pedro Pellegrino de
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A década de 1990 foi marcada pela transição neoliberal no Brasil, responsável por diversas reorganizações sociais, políticas, econômicas e culturais. Tais mudanças ocasionaram grandes rearranjos na indústria cultural e fonográfica brasileiras, impactando diretamente os artistas independentes e sua maneira de produzir. Caracterizada, em termos gerais, pela busca de liberdade criativa e por uma tentativa de autonomia em relação à maneira de produzir difundida pela indústria fonográfica, baseada na lógica do mercado. Nesta pesquisa analisamos o processo de reconfiguração da produção fonográfica independente, ocorrido ao longo da década de 1990. O enfoque central se deu sobre os músicos independentes do segmento da Música Popular Brasileira (MPB), localizados a cidade de São Paulo, entre 1990 e 1997. Para o desenvolvimento desta pesquisa utilizamos documentos coletados em revistas especializadas em música e cultura, como também entrevistas com atores-chave deste processo. O interesse pelo tema se deu ao evidenciarmos mudanças, em relação à maneira que os músicos independentes se organizaram e produziram na década de 1980, tendo como ponto de referência para esta comparação, a experiência vivida no Teatro Lira Paulistana, local que aglutinou artistas de diversas áreas e propiciou o início de um movimento artístico independente na cidade de São Paulo. Percebemos que, na década de 1990, a cena independente tanto em âmbito nacional quanto na cidade de São Paulo, se modificou e passou a se organizar através de novos formatos, assim como se configurou uma nova maneira de produzir, fruto das novas tecnologias digitais de produção musical surgidas neste período.
The 1990s were marked by the neoliberal transition in Brazil, responsible for several social, political, economic and cultural reorganizations. Such changes caused major rearrangements in the Brazilian cultural and phonographic industry, directly impacting independent artists and their way of producing. Characterized, in general terms, by the search for creative freedom and by an attempt at autonomy in relation to the way of producing disseminated by the phonographic industry, based on the logic of the market. In this research, we analyze the process of reconfiguration of independent phonographic production, which occurred throughout the 1990s. The central focus was on independent musicians from the Brazilian Popular Music (MPB) segment, located in the city of São Paulo, between 1990 and 1997. For the development of this research, we used documents collected in magazines specialized in music and culture, as well as interviews with key actors in this process. The interest in the subject occurred when we evidenced changes, in relation to the way that independent musicians organized and produced in the 1980s, having as a reference point for this comparison, the experience lived at Teatro Lira Paulistana, a place that brought together artists from different areas and propitiated the beginning of an independent artistic movement in the city of São Paulo. We noticed that, in the 1990s, the independent scene, both nationally and in the city of São Paulo, changed and began to organize itself through new formats, as well as a new way of producing, as a result of the new digital technologies of musical production that emerged in this period.
The 1990s were marked by the neoliberal transition in Brazil, responsible for several social, political, economic and cultural reorganizations. Such changes caused major rearrangements in the Brazilian cultural and phonographic industry, directly impacting independent artists and their way of producing. Characterized, in general terms, by the search for creative freedom and by an attempt at autonomy in relation to the way of producing disseminated by the phonographic industry, based on the logic of the market. In this research, we analyze the process of reconfiguration of independent phonographic production, which occurred throughout the 1990s. The central focus was on independent musicians from the Brazilian Popular Music (MPB) segment, located in the city of São Paulo, between 1990 and 1997. For the development of this research, we used documents collected in magazines specialized in music and culture, as well as interviews with key actors in this process. The interest in the subject occurred when we evidenced changes, in relation to the way that independent musicians organized and produced in the 1980s, having as a reference point for this comparison, the experience lived at Teatro Lira Paulistana, a place that brought together artists from different areas and propitiated the beginning of an independent artistic movement in the city of São Paulo. We noticed that, in the 1990s, the independent scene, both nationally and in the city of São Paulo, changed and began to organize itself through new formats, as well as a new way of producing, as a result of the new digital technologies of musical production that emerged in this period.
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Indústria cultural, Indústria fonográfica, Produção fonográfica independente, MPB, Neoliberalismo, Cultural industry, Phonographic industry, Independent phonographic production, Neoliberalism