Evidências de Comunicação Radicular Intraespecífica em Condições de Défice Luminoso
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Data
2022-11-30
Autores
Mariusso, Victor Hugo Guimarães
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Plantas são organismos sésseis e processos cognitivos tais como aprendizado, memória e tomada de decisões são essenciais para que suportem estímulos ambientais estressantes, sendo críticos para sua sobrevivência e sucesso reprodutivo. O conhecimento atual sobre senciência, memória e aprendizado em plantas sugere que estas são dotadas de um nível de cognição que lhes possibilita emitir, receber e processar informações acerca do ambiente, ajustando-se conforme necessário, em face a (ou em antecipação a) condições adversas. O presente estudo visou obter evidências da comunicação radicular e sua contribuição para atenuar o défice luminoso de indivíduos adjacentes, entre plantas de Pisum sativum L. O experimento consistiu em comunicar as raízes de pares de P. sativum em solução nutritiva, submetendo uma das plantas do par a défice luminoso, garantindo à outra planta luz abundante. Prognosticamos que a planta sob défice luminoso seria capaz de comunicar sua condição estressante à sua companheira (por meio de espécies reativas de oxigênio resultantes do défice luminoso, exsudados via sistema radicular), o que elicitaria resposta fisiológica, resultando na exsudação de compostos orgânicos que propiciem a sobrevivência da planta estressada. Os dados das variáveis fisiológicas relativos à capacidade, estabilidade e eficiência fotossintética (condutância estomática, concentração interna de carbono, assimilação líquida de carbono, fluorescência da clorofila a, dissipação fotoquímica e não-fotoquímica, além de atividade antioxidante) das plantas comunicadas em condição de sombra foram comparados aos dos grupos controle. Desta maneira, foi possível estabelecer correlações entre danos decorrentes do défice luminoso, exsudação de espécies reativas de oxigênio, e melhor performance de plantas comunicadas, resultando em chance de sobrevivência aumentada, quando em comparação com plantas isoladas ou comunicadas com outro indivíduo sem acesso à luz. Estes achados permitem inferir o estabelecimento de comunicação planta-planta pelo sistema radicular, resultando em maior capacidade de resistir ao estresse oxidativo causado pelo défice luminoso.
Plants are sessile organisms, and cognitive processes such as learning, memory and decision-making are essential for them to withstand stressful environmental stimuli, and are critical for their survival and reproductive success. Current knowledge about sentience, memory and learning in plants suggests that they are endowed with a level of cognition that enables them to emit, receive and process information about their environment, adjusting as necessary when faced with (or in anticipation of) adverse conditions. The present study aimed to obtain evidence of radicular communication and its contribution to alleviate the oxidative damage caused by light deficit in adjacent individuals of Pisum sativum L. The experiment consisted in communicating the roots of pairs of P. sativum in nutritive solution, submitting one of the plants of the pair to luminous deficit, ensuring access to light to the other plant of the pair. We predicted the plant under light deficit would be able to communicate its stress to its companion (through reactive oxygen species resulting from light deficit, exuded via the root system), which would elicit a physiological response, resulting in the exudation of organic compounds that propitiate the survival of the stressed plant. Data related to the physiological parameters related to the photosynthetic ability, stability, and efficiency (stomatic conductance, internal carbon concentration, net carbon assimilation, chlorophyll fluorescence, photochemical and non-photochemical quenching, as well as antioxidant activity) of communicated plants under luminous deficit have been compared to those of the control groups. This allowed to establish correlations between damage due to oxidative stress caused by light deficit, exudation of reactive oxygen species, and better performance in communicated plants, resulting in increased chance of survival, when compared with isolated plants or plants communicated with another individual without access to light. These findings suggest the triggering of plant-plant communication through the root system, which resulted in enhanced capacity of resisting to the oxidative stress caused by light deficit.
Plants are sessile organisms, and cognitive processes such as learning, memory and decision-making are essential for them to withstand stressful environmental stimuli, and are critical for their survival and reproductive success. Current knowledge about sentience, memory and learning in plants suggests that they are endowed with a level of cognition that enables them to emit, receive and process information about their environment, adjusting as necessary when faced with (or in anticipation of) adverse conditions. The present study aimed to obtain evidence of radicular communication and its contribution to alleviate the oxidative damage caused by light deficit in adjacent individuals of Pisum sativum L. The experiment consisted in communicating the roots of pairs of P. sativum in nutritive solution, submitting one of the plants of the pair to luminous deficit, ensuring access to light to the other plant of the pair. We predicted the plant under light deficit would be able to communicate its stress to its companion (through reactive oxygen species resulting from light deficit, exuded via the root system), which would elicit a physiological response, resulting in the exudation of organic compounds that propitiate the survival of the stressed plant. Data related to the physiological parameters related to the photosynthetic ability, stability, and efficiency (stomatic conductance, internal carbon concentration, net carbon assimilation, chlorophyll fluorescence, photochemical and non-photochemical quenching, as well as antioxidant activity) of communicated plants under luminous deficit have been compared to those of the control groups. This allowed to establish correlations between damage due to oxidative stress caused by light deficit, exudation of reactive oxygen species, and better performance in communicated plants, resulting in increased chance of survival, when compared with isolated plants or plants communicated with another individual without access to light. These findings suggest the triggering of plant-plant communication through the root system, which resulted in enhanced capacity of resisting to the oxidative stress caused by light deficit.
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Palavras-chave
Comunicação em plantas, Défice luminoso, Estresse oxidativo, Exsudatos radiculares, Pisum sativum, Plant communication, Light deficit, Oxidative stress, Foot exudates, Plantas - Fisiologia, Ervilha, Exsudatos de plantas