Filogenia molecular de Hisonotini com ênfase no gênero Parotocinclus (Siluriformes) usando elementos ultraconservados
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Data
2023-02-15
Autores
Leandro, Felipe Messias
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Os membros de Parotocinclus estão amplamente distribuídos pela América do Sul, desde os Andes na Venezuela até o sudeste do Brasil, sendo um dos gêneros mais especiosos da subfamília Hypoptopomatinae. As espécies do gênero são principalmente herbívoras e vivem desde pequenos a grandes rios, sempre associadas a vegetação marginal. Desde os trabalhos de Eigenmann em 1889 vários estudos foram realizados com o objetivo de compreender o padrão de relacionamento entre os membros deste grupo com outros membros de Hypoptopomatinae, e vários desses trabalhos reconheceram o gênero como não monofilético, com várias espécies mais intimamente relacionadas com membros de Hisonotus e Microlepidogaster. Portanto, o objetivo do presente estudo foi realizar uma filogenia molecular da tribo Hisonotini com ênfase em espécies do gênero Parotocinclus utilizando uma abordagem filogenômica com cerca de 2.700 Elementos Ultraconservados (UCE). O sequenciamento e a filtragem de dados gerou uma matriz inicial alinhada composta por 357.780 pares de bases (UCEs + 7 genes), dos quais 349.176 pares de bases (2.285 loci) são para UCEs e 8.604 pares de bases são para dados multilocus. A matriz total inclui sequências para 81 espécimes de Hisonotini (13 do grupo-externo e 68 do grupo-interno), considerando que 25 espécimes são dados de UCEs de Roxo et al. (2019), 18 espécimes são novos dados UCEs e 38 espécimes são dados multilocus obtidos do GenBank. A filogenia RAxML foi inferida a partir dos conjuntos de dados concatenados e o suporte estatístico para todos os nós são altos. Nossos resultados sugerem que o gênero Parotocinclus não é monofilético com três grandes linhagens sendo reconhecidas. A primeira inclui a espécie tipo P. maculicauda e espécies relacionadas, a segunda é reconhecida como o gênero Rhinotocinclus descrito recentemente (muitas espécies de Parotocinclus foram realocadas para este grupo) e a terceira linhagem inclui apenas a espécie Parotocinclus jumbo. O gênero Hisonotus foi reconhecido como monofilético incluindo as espécies de Otothyropsis, Lampiella, Epactionotus e Eurycheilichthys que foram sinonimizados com Hisonotus por trabalhos anteriores. O gênero Microlepidogaster, também como reconhecido em trabalhos anteriores, inclui apenas a espécie tipo M. perforata. Além da análise filogenética, descrevemos uma nova espécie da bacia do rio Xingu, Brasil.
The members of Parotocinclus are widely distributed throughout South America, from the Andes in Venezuela to southeastern Brazil, being one of the most specious genera of the subfamily Hypoptopomatinae. Species of the genus are mainly herbivorous and live from small to large rivers, always associated with marginal vegetation. Since Eigenmann's work in 1889, several studies have been carried out with the aim of understanding the pattern of relationships between members of this group with other members of the Hypoptopomatinae, and several of these works have recognized the genus as non-monophyletic, with several species more closely related to members of Hisonotus and Microlepidogaster. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to carry out a molecular phylogeny of the Hisonotini tribe with emphasis on species of the genus Parotocinclus using a phylogenomic approach with about 2,700 Ultraconserved Elements (UCE). Sequencing and data filtering generated an initial aligned matrix composed of 357,780 base pairs (UCEs + 7 genes), of which 349,176 base pairs (2,285 loci) are for ECUs and 8,604 base pairs are for multilocus data. The total matrix includes sequences for 81 specimens of Hisonotini (13 from the outer-group and 68 from the inner-group), whereas 25 specimens are data from UCEs of Roxo et al. (2019), 18 specimens are new UCE data and 38 specimens are multilocus data obtained from GenBank. RAxML phylogeny was inferred from the concatenated datasets and statistical support for all nodes is high. Our results suggest that the genus Parotocinclus is not monophyletic with three major lineages being recognized. The first includes the type species P. maculicauda and related species, the second is recognized as the recently described genus Rhinotocinclus (many Parotocinclus species have been reassigned to this group), and the third lineage includes only the species Parotocinclus jumbo. The genus Hisonotus was recognized as monophyletic including the species of Otothyropsis, Lampiella, Epactionotus and Eurycheilichthys that were synonymized with Hisonotus by previous works. The genus Microlepidogaster, also as recognized in previous works, includes only the type species M. perforata. In addition to phylogenetic analysis, we describe a new species from the Rio Xingu basin, Brazil.
The members of Parotocinclus are widely distributed throughout South America, from the Andes in Venezuela to southeastern Brazil, being one of the most specious genera of the subfamily Hypoptopomatinae. Species of the genus are mainly herbivorous and live from small to large rivers, always associated with marginal vegetation. Since Eigenmann's work in 1889, several studies have been carried out with the aim of understanding the pattern of relationships between members of this group with other members of the Hypoptopomatinae, and several of these works have recognized the genus as non-monophyletic, with several species more closely related to members of Hisonotus and Microlepidogaster. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to carry out a molecular phylogeny of the Hisonotini tribe with emphasis on species of the genus Parotocinclus using a phylogenomic approach with about 2,700 Ultraconserved Elements (UCE). Sequencing and data filtering generated an initial aligned matrix composed of 357,780 base pairs (UCEs + 7 genes), of which 349,176 base pairs (2,285 loci) are for ECUs and 8,604 base pairs are for multilocus data. The total matrix includes sequences for 81 specimens of Hisonotini (13 from the outer-group and 68 from the inner-group), whereas 25 specimens are data from UCEs of Roxo et al. (2019), 18 specimens are new UCE data and 38 specimens are multilocus data obtained from GenBank. RAxML phylogeny was inferred from the concatenated datasets and statistical support for all nodes is high. Our results suggest that the genus Parotocinclus is not monophyletic with three major lineages being recognized. The first includes the type species P. maculicauda and related species, the second is recognized as the recently described genus Rhinotocinclus (many Parotocinclus species have been reassigned to this group), and the third lineage includes only the species Parotocinclus jumbo. The genus Hisonotus was recognized as monophyletic including the species of Otothyropsis, Lampiella, Epactionotus and Eurycheilichthys that were synonymized with Hisonotus by previous works. The genus Microlepidogaster, also as recognized in previous works, includes only the type species M. perforata. In addition to phylogenetic analysis, we describe a new species from the Rio Xingu basin, Brazil.
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Palavras-chave
Cascudinhos, Filogenia molecular, Peixes neotropicais, UCEs, Catfishes, Molecular phylogeny