Alterações histopatológicas em hipófise de cães naturalmente infectados por Leishmania infantum: imunomarcação de amastigotas e linfócitos TCD3
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Data
2023-01-24
Autores
Frigerio, Edenilson Doná
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A hipófise, ou glândula pituitária, é composta pela neuro-hipófise e adeno-hipófise, envolvidas pelo círculo arterial cerebral, é classificada como um órgão endócrino responsável por controlar as funções fisiológicas metabólicas, reprodutoras e de crescimento, auxiliando na manutenção da homeostase. A Leishmaniose Visceral Canina (LVC) é causada pelo protozoário Leishmania infantum, normalmente observados no interior das células do sistema mononuclear fagocitário e disseminado no organismo do hospedeiro. Ocasionalmente são observados sinais clínicos neurológicos, lesões inflamatórias e complicações vasculares no sistema nervoso central (SNC) de cães infectados, cuja patogênese não é totalmente compreendida. Está revisão tem como objetivo descrever as características morfológicas e funções da hipófise, e os efeitos da leishmaniose visceral e de outras doenças sistêmicas que podem causar disfunção da glândula. Para isso foi realizada a análise e comparação de livros e artigos científicos sobre as infecções de Leishmania infantum (Chagasi), alterações hipofisárias e endócrinas, publicados nas bases de dados informatizadas PubMed, LILACS, SciELO, Google Scholar e no Portal de Periódicos da CAPES em língua inglesa no período de 1976 a 2022. A hipófise apresenta função chave para a homeostase do organismo, e alterações inflamatórias nesta glândula podem influenciar em sua atividade endócrina. Conclui-se que a presença de inflamação na hipófise pode levar a uma disfunção, acarretando em desordens fisiológicas, e que isso precisa ser melhor investigado em cães infectados por Leishmania spp., uma vez que já foram observadas mudança nas concentrações de hormônios e suas interferências no organismo, em paciente humano e em hamster como modelo experimental.
The hypophysis, or pituitary gland, is composed of the neurohypophysis and the adenohypophysis, surrounded by the cerebral arterial circle, and is classified as an endocrine organ responsible for controlling the physiological metabolic, reproductive, and growth functions, helping to maintain homeostasis. Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis (CanL) is caused by the protozoan Leishmania infantum, normally observed within the cells of the mononuclear phagocytic system and disseminated in the host organism. Occasionally neurological clinical signs, inflammatory lesions, and vascular complications are observed in the central nervous system (CNS) of infected dogs, the pathogenesis of which is not totally understood. This review aims to describe the morphological characteristics and functions of the pituitary gland, and the effects of visceral leishmaniasis and other systemic diseases that can cause dysfunction of the gland. This was done by analyzing and comparing books and scientific articles about Leishmania infantum (Chagasi) infections, pituitary and endocrine changes, published in the computerized databases PubMed, LILACS, SciELO, Google Scholar, and the CAPES Periodical Portal in English from 1976 to 2022. The pituitary gland has a key function for the homeostasis of the organism, and inflammatory alterations in this gland may influence its endocrine activity. We conclude that the presence of inflammation in the pituitary gland may lead to dysfunction, resulting in physiological disorders, and that it needs to be better investigated in dogs infected by Leishmania spp., since changes in the concentrations of hormones and their interference in the body have already been observed in human patients and in hamsters as experimental models.
The hypophysis, or pituitary gland, is composed of the neurohypophysis and the adenohypophysis, surrounded by the cerebral arterial circle, and is classified as an endocrine organ responsible for controlling the physiological metabolic, reproductive, and growth functions, helping to maintain homeostasis. Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis (CanL) is caused by the protozoan Leishmania infantum, normally observed within the cells of the mononuclear phagocytic system and disseminated in the host organism. Occasionally neurological clinical signs, inflammatory lesions, and vascular complications are observed in the central nervous system (CNS) of infected dogs, the pathogenesis of which is not totally understood. This review aims to describe the morphological characteristics and functions of the pituitary gland, and the effects of visceral leishmaniasis and other systemic diseases that can cause dysfunction of the gland. This was done by analyzing and comparing books and scientific articles about Leishmania infantum (Chagasi) infections, pituitary and endocrine changes, published in the computerized databases PubMed, LILACS, SciELO, Google Scholar, and the CAPES Periodical Portal in English from 1976 to 2022. The pituitary gland has a key function for the homeostasis of the organism, and inflammatory alterations in this gland may influence its endocrine activity. We conclude that the presence of inflammation in the pituitary gland may lead to dysfunction, resulting in physiological disorders, and that it needs to be better investigated in dogs infected by Leishmania spp., since changes in the concentrations of hormones and their interference in the body have already been observed in human patients and in hamsters as experimental models.
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Palavras-chave
Glândula pituitária, Leishmaniose Visceral, Histopatologia, Inflamação, Imuno-histoquímica, Pituitary gland, Visceral leishmaniasis, Histopathology, Inflammation, Immunohistochemistry